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Geology 3120 - A structural geology primer

Geology 3120 - A structural geology primer. Outline. Stress Lithology Strength Deformation styles Geologic time Deformation movements Attitudes Scaling Relationships Examples . Stress. Stress = (Force / Area). Shear. Tensile. Compressive. y. x. Lithology. Most stiff.

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Geology 3120 - A structural geology primer

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  1. Geology 3120 - A structural geology primer

  2. Outline • Stress • Lithology • Strength • Deformation styles • Geologic time • Deformation movements • Attitudes • Scaling Relationships • Examples

  3. Stress Stress = (Force / Area) Shear Tensile Compressive y x

  4. Lithology Most stiff Granite Dolomite Arkose Quartz Sandstone Greywacke Coarse grained limestone Fine grained limestone Siltstone Marl, mudstone Shale Anhydrite Halite Least stiff (fluid)

  5. Strength of rock Strength Depth • In addition to lithology, strength is a function of pressure, temperature, pre-existing weakness, chemical reactions, time

  6. Regarding Geologic Time… • Page 36 • Required knowledge: Eras, Periods • Eras - Paleozoic (540-248 My) Mesozoic (248-65 My) Cenozoic (65-0 My) • Periods - COSDMPP TJK TQ

  7. Deformation Styles Ductile N Brittle

  8. Deformation Movements BEFORE AFTER

  9. Attitudes Planes Faults Bedding Contacts Lines Slickenlines and grooves Mineral growth Piercing points

  10. Scaling Relationships Displacement (D) Length (L)

  11. Examples • Faults • Folds • Joints • Dikes • Shear zones • Extensional veins

  12. Faults Black Mountains, Death Valley

  13. Faults Black Mountains, Death Valley

  14. Folds Carboniferous limestones beds, Grenoble, France

  15. Folds Carboniferous limestones beds, Grenoble, France

  16. Joints Joints in the Sandstone, Moab region

  17. Dikes Granite dikes, Dillon, CO

  18. Dikes Granite dikes, Dillon, CO

  19. Shear zones San Gregario fault zone, California

  20. Shear zones San Gregario fault zone, California

  21. Extensional Veins Calcite-filled veins, French Alps

  22. Extensional Veins Calcite-filled veins, French Alps

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