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Fertility trends: A comparison of Japan and Switzerland Marion Burkimsher

Fertility trends: A comparison of Japan and Switzerland Marion Burkimsher LaboDemo, University of Geneva. http://www.ipss.go.jp/p-info/e/PSJ2006.pdf. Similarities between Switzerland and Japan Wealthy, highly developed, very ‘organised’ societies Very high life expectancy

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Fertility trends: A comparison of Japan and Switzerland Marion Burkimsher

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  1. Fertility trends: A comparison of Japan and Switzerland Marion Burkimsher LaboDemo, University of Geneva

  2. http://www.ipss.go.jp/p-info/e/PSJ2006.pdf

  3. Similarities between Switzerland and Japan • Wealthy, highly developed, very ‘organised’ societies • Very high life expectancy • Low to very low fertility levels • High rates of childlessness at present time • Low levels of extra-marital childbearing

  4. Differences between Switzerland and Japan • Arranged marriage very common in Japan, but falling: 63% in 1955, 7% in 1998. Lifetime singleness was rare, 2% • High immigration and foreign population in Switzerland; very low in Japan • Very homogeneous population in Japan; very diverse in Switzerland • Co-residence with parents common in Japan (25% eldest sons in 1998)

  5. Japan

  6. Japan

  7. Japan

  8. Japan

  9. Primary determinants of marriage and childbearing in Switzerland from census data and longitudinal analysis of Swiss Panel data • Cohort • Religiosity • Rural v. urban (and region) • Level of education (high level = higher chance of childlessness) • If had a sibling (affects childbearing more than marriage) 1, 3 and 4 confirmed in Japanese studies too - Retherford et al, 2001, Hirosima, 1995

  10. Trends in attitudes reflect fertility trends in Japan • Increase in proportion never-married is the main cause of fertility fall - why has this happened? • Little change in attitude to religion • Moderate trend towards individualism • Major change in attitude to women’s status 1985-1995 • Positive attitude to girls • Enrolment of girls in higher education > boys by end 1980s • In parallel with major change of attitudes to aged parents, whether women should marry, divorce, sexuality, etc. • Atoh, 2001

  11. References Atoh, Makoto. 2001. Very low fertility in Japan and value change hypotheses. Review of Population and Social Policy, No. 10, 1-21 Hirosima, Kiyoshi and Fusami Mita. 1995. Prefectural differentials in recent fertility. IPSS publication Jinkomon, Vol 50, no. 4, 29-30. Kojima, Hiroshi and Jean-Louis Rallu. 1998. Fertility in Japan and France. Population: an English selection, 10 (2), pp. 319-348 Retherford, Robert D., Naohiro Ogawa and Rikiya Matsukura. 2001. Late marriage and less marriage in Japan. Population and Development Review, 27 (1), 65-102.

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