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The Great War

The Great War. United States History. Key Vocabulary. Nationalism : Feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland Militarism: Aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations Propaganda : Information designed to influence opinion. Key Vocabulary (continued) .

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The Great War

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  1. The Great War United States History

  2. Key Vocabulary • Nationalism: Feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland • Militarism: Aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations • Propaganda: Information designed to influence opinion

  3. Key Vocabulary (continued) • No-man’s-land: Area between the trenches in trench warfare • Convoys: gathering merchant and troop transports in small groups and moving them together • Reparations: Monetary compensation for all of the war damage it had caused

  4. Causes of War • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism

  5. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand • June 1914 • Ferdinand: Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne • Princip: Bosnian member of a Serbian nationalist group (Black Hand) Archduke Franz Ferdinand (left) and GavriloPrincip (right)

  6. War Breaks Out! • Alliances Triggered, Germany invades France hoping to knock France out quick and avoid two front war • Problem: Germany goes through neutral Belgium and Britain had guaranteed Belgium neutrality • Britain declares war on Germany • Italy flips to Triple Entente • Central Powers: Triple Alliance + Ottoman Empire + Bulgaria

  7. Where’s the US in all this? • US trying to stay neutral, though most backed Allied Forces (Entente) • Government and Business backed the British • May 7, 1915: Lusitania sunk by U-boat • US viewed this as terrorist act on women and children • Sussex Pledge (1916): Germany would stop using submarine warfare to keep US out of war

  8. Zimmermann Telegram (January 1917) • Germany asked Mexico to become an ally in the war against the US and in return would get lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona • Changed US Views on war • US enters after Germany begins sinking US ships with U-boats

  9. An Overview of the Home Front • War Industries Board (WIB) • Coordinate Production of War Materials • Victory Gardens • Food Will Win The War—Don’t Waste It • “Wheatless Mondays”, “Meatless Tuesdays”, “Porkless Thursdays” • National War Labor Board (NWLB) • Prevent disrupting war effort due to strikes

  10. Home Front (continued) • Committee on Public Information (CPI) • “SELL” the war to the American people • Use song, art, and writing to urge people to support war effort • Selective Service • Draft system that required all men aged 21 to 30 to register for the draft • A lottery system decided the order to be drafted

  11. Home Front (continued) • Great Migration: African American workers moving north to work in factories with promises of high wages • Women join the workforce and go to war (mostly in clerical work or as nurses) • Espionage & Sedition Acts: illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or criticize the government

  12. America’s Military • By the numbers: • 300,000 soldiers at start • 2 million more volunteers • 2.8 million men drafted • 400,000 African-Am. Drafted • 42,000 African-Am. in combat • Over 300,000 casualties • 50,000 deaths from battle • 200,000 wounded • 60,000 deaths from disease • 11,000 Women in Navy • 20,000 Women in Army Nursing Corps

  13. New Technologies in WWI

  14. The War Continues…but Russia Leaves • 1917: Riots in Russia due to war, fuel shortages, and food • Czar abdicates (leaves) the throne and the Revolution begins • Vladimir Lenin (Bolshevik Party) overthrows the government and creates the communist rule • Lenin pulls Russia out of war and makes treaty with Germany

  15. Treaty of Versailles • Most important participants were the “Big Four” • President Wilson (US) • Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Britain) • Premier Georges Clemenceau (France) • Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (Italy) • Russia not invited as Lenin’s gov’t not viewed as legitimate • Germany greatly punished (lost land, troops, given massive reparations, had to take blame for causing the war)

  16. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Basis of negotiations for Versailles • Three Key Points • Free trade, free seas, disarmament, open diplomacy • National Self-Determination • Borders should be decided on ethnicity and national identity • Creation of the League of Nations • Respect and protect one another’s territory and independence

  17. The New Map of Europe

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