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The Impact of World War I on the United States: Key Events and Concepts

This overview of World War I highlights critical concepts such as nationalism, militarism, and alliances that led to the war. It covers the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the U.S. response to the war, and the factors influencing American involvement, including the Lusitania sinking and the Zimmermann Telegram. The Home Front's mobilization efforts, including the introduction of Victory Gardens and the draft of soldiers, are discussed. It concludes with the Treaty of Versailles and Wilson’s Fourteen Points, shaping the new map of Europe.

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The Impact of World War I on the United States: Key Events and Concepts

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  1. The Great War United States History

  2. Key Vocabulary • Nationalism: Feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland • Militarism: Aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations • Propaganda: Information designed to influence opinion

  3. Key Vocabulary (continued) • No-man’s-land: Area between the trenches in trench warfare • Convoys: gathering merchant and troop transports in small groups and moving them together • Reparations: Monetary compensation for all of the war damage it had caused

  4. Causes of War • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism

  5. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand • June 1914 • Ferdinand: Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne • Princip: Bosnian member of a Serbian nationalist group (Black Hand) Archduke Franz Ferdinand (left) and GavriloPrincip (right)

  6. War Breaks Out! • Alliances Triggered, Germany invades France hoping to knock France out quick and avoid two front war • Problem: Germany goes through neutral Belgium and Britain had guaranteed Belgium neutrality • Britain declares war on Germany • Italy flips to Triple Entente • Central Powers: Triple Alliance + Ottoman Empire + Bulgaria

  7. Where’s the US in all this? • US trying to stay neutral, though most backed Allied Forces (Entente) • Government and Business backed the British • May 7, 1915: Lusitania sunk by U-boat • US viewed this as terrorist act on women and children • Sussex Pledge (1916): Germany would stop using submarine warfare to keep US out of war

  8. Zimmermann Telegram (January 1917) • Germany asked Mexico to become an ally in the war against the US and in return would get lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona • Changed US Views on war • US enters after Germany begins sinking US ships with U-boats

  9. An Overview of the Home Front • War Industries Board (WIB) • Coordinate Production of War Materials • Victory Gardens • Food Will Win The War—Don’t Waste It • “Wheatless Mondays”, “Meatless Tuesdays”, “Porkless Thursdays” • National War Labor Board (NWLB) • Prevent disrupting war effort due to strikes

  10. Home Front (continued) • Committee on Public Information (CPI) • “SELL” the war to the American people • Use song, art, and writing to urge people to support war effort • Selective Service • Draft system that required all men aged 21 to 30 to register for the draft • A lottery system decided the order to be drafted

  11. Home Front (continued) • Great Migration: African American workers moving north to work in factories with promises of high wages • Women join the workforce and go to war (mostly in clerical work or as nurses) • Espionage & Sedition Acts: illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or criticize the government

  12. America’s Military • By the numbers: • 300,000 soldiers at start • 2 million more volunteers • 2.8 million men drafted • 400,000 African-Am. Drafted • 42,000 African-Am. in combat • Over 300,000 casualties • 50,000 deaths from battle • 200,000 wounded • 60,000 deaths from disease • 11,000 Women in Navy • 20,000 Women in Army Nursing Corps

  13. New Technologies in WWI

  14. The War Continues…but Russia Leaves • 1917: Riots in Russia due to war, fuel shortages, and food • Czar abdicates (leaves) the throne and the Revolution begins • Vladimir Lenin (Bolshevik Party) overthrows the government and creates the communist rule • Lenin pulls Russia out of war and makes treaty with Germany

  15. Treaty of Versailles • Most important participants were the “Big Four” • President Wilson (US) • Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Britain) • Premier Georges Clemenceau (France) • Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (Italy) • Russia not invited as Lenin’s gov’t not viewed as legitimate • Germany greatly punished (lost land, troops, given massive reparations, had to take blame for causing the war)

  16. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Basis of negotiations for Versailles • Three Key Points • Free trade, free seas, disarmament, open diplomacy • National Self-Determination • Borders should be decided on ethnicity and national identity • Creation of the League of Nations • Respect and protect one another’s territory and independence

  17. The New Map of Europe

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