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The Great War

Explore the contributing factors that led to World War I, such as industrialization, nationalism, imperialism, and alliances. Learn about the conflicts in Africa, Asia, and Europe, the alliances that divided nations, and the immediate causes of the war. Discover the opposing sides, the massive casualties, the fall of dynasties, the rise of communism in Russia, and the shifting power dynamics globally.

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The Great War

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  1. The Great War Factors Contributing to the War

  2. Inability to Adjust to Change • Industrialization  led to competition • Nationalism  threatened stability • Result: Nations sought insulation from enemy attack in three ways: • Colonies • Alliances • Armies & weapons

  3. Imperialism in Africa & Asia • Moroccan Crisis: Germany threatened to take Morocco from France • Boer War: Britain clashed with Dutch settlers in South Africa • Russo-Turkish War: (Russia gained access to warm-water ports of the Mediterranean) • Russo-Japanese War: (Blocked in Europe, Russia sought Manchuria and lost to Japan.)

  4. German Alliances Divided Europe • Germany’s plan to isolate France: • Dual Alliance: Germany+Austria (1879) • Triple Alliance: Germany+Austria+Italy (1882) • Reinsurance Treaty: Germany+Russia (1887) • France and Russia signed a military alliance • Two armed camps: • On one side: Germany+Austria • On the other side: France+Russia

  5. British Alliances • Britain feared Germany so made an alliance with France (1904). • Triple Entente: Britain+France+Russia (1907)

  6. Security  Maintain Alliances • Triple Alliance: Germany+Austria+Italy • Triple Entente: Britain+France+Russia

  7. 1914 Crisis in the Balkans • Powder Keg: quarrels between nationalist groups over internal boundaries • Serbia, supported by Russia, wanted to unite with Serbians in Austria-Hungary and create a Greater Serbia. • Austria, supported by Germany, opposed this for fear that other ethnic groups would demand self-rule.

  8. Immediate Cause of War • Archduke Ferdinand of Austria assassinated • Supported by Germany, Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia: 1. Anti-Austrian activities in Serbia must cease. 2. Austro-Hungarian officials would enforce. 3. Disloyal Serbian gov’t officials would be fired. • Serbia did not agree to 2. • Austria declared war on Serbia.

  9. The World Went to War • Serbia called on its ally Russia for help. • Russia began to mobilize. • France gave its support. • Germany declared war on France (crossed neutral Belgium on way to French front). • Britain declared war on Germany.

  10. Central Powers Austria Germany Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Allies Serbia Russia France Britain Japan Italy China United States The Great War: Opposing Sides

  11. During the course of the war: • Millions of people on both sides were killed. • Britain and France were severely weakened. • Three dynasties (Hohenzollerns, Hapsburgs, and Romanovs) fell apart. • Communism took over in Russia. • Anti-imperialism grew stronger in Asia, Middle East, and Africa. • United States became most powerful nation.

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