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Nervous System

Nervous System. Nir Liebenthal, Alex Lee, Sabrina Smith. What is the Nervous System?.

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System Nir Liebenthal, Alex Lee, Sabrina Smith

  2. What is the Nervous System? The Nervous System is the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. The nervous system receives information about conditions both within and around the body. It processes and integrates this information on a variety of levels, and directs the body to respond appropriately (1, 4).

  3. Neurons Neurons are interacting cells that work together to monitor the conditions in and around the body. Neurons issue responsive actions that help the body as a whole. Function: They interact as the communication lines of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves (4). Athletics Wiki. Athletepedia, n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. <http://athletics.wikia.com/wiki/Nervous_System>.

  4. Neuron Structure All neurons have three common features: • The cell body (Soma): contains the nucleus and other organelles essential for the survival of the neuron. It is usually small compared to the rest of the neuron. • One or more dendrites extend from the cell body. The dendrites serve to receive incoming electrical signals from other neurons. • Most neurons have a single axon to transmit outgoing signals. Axons vary in length from micrometers to over a meter. Portions of the axon are insulated by supporting cells with myelin, a phospholipid membrane (3). http://www.bumpybrains.com/uNeurons.html

  5. Myelin Sheath Form: The Myelin Sheath is made up of Schwann cells (a type of neurological cell) in the peripheral nervous system.. Function: The Myelin Sheath is the insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the axon. It prevents the electrical current from leaving the axon and facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses by speeding up conduction (4). Analogy: the Myelin Sheath is like the rubber coating around a wire that prevents electricity from leaving the track of the wire. http://www.empowher.com/files/ebsco/images/AX00010_97870_1_myelin_sheath.jpeg

  6. Ions and Action Potential The two major ions are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Sodium diffuses out of the neuron, and Potassium diffuses into the neuron.The two ions cross the membrane through channel proteins (3). Some channel proteins never shut, so the ions diffuse through them all the time. Other channel proteins act like flood gates, that open only after a neuron is stimulated. Sodium-potassium pumps (active transport proteins) restore the neuron to resting potential (2).

  7. Ions and Action Potential Cont. At resting potential, there are many more sodium ions on the outside, so the neuron is negatively charged relative to its external environment. The voltage difference at rest is -70mV. An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body (a stimulus). When this happens... • Sodium gates open and the neuron becomes depolarized. • Potassium gates open while sodium gates close, and potassium rushes out of the cell causing the action potential to go back toward -70 mV (repolarization) • However, the action potential actually goes past -70 mV (hyperpolarization) because the potassium channels stay open a bit too long. • Sodium-potassium pumps, bring the neuron back to resting potential by pumping sodium out of the neuron and potassium back in. The sodium gates stay closed, so the sodium that is pumped out stays out until the next active potential (2). http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap.html

  8. Poem The Nervous System is really cool Don’t drop out of school But thats not the reason of the presentation We want to teach the Nervous System to an entire nation The nervous system transmits nerve impulses between body parts if you understand that, you can get a bachelor in arts Neurons are interacting cells that work together they will monitor the conditions of your body forever They are communication lines between the nerves, spinal cord, and brain If they didn’t work, our body would have mega pain Neurons are made of the Soma, Dendrite, and Axon If you don’t know that, get it together man (mon) The Myelin Sheath is something you should know It is the insulating envelo....pe It is like the rubber coating around a wire If you want insulation the myelin sheath is who you should hire Ions and action potential, is that ever confusing But listen to this, and then you’ll be cruising It’s the change in electrical potential of an impulse of a muscle cell or nerve cell See? not that bad, and at least it doesn’t smell The Nervous system is pretty cool I hope you enjoyed this poem that didn’t rhyme but I didn’t have any more time

  9. Bibliography 1. Athletics Wiki. Athletepedia, n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. <http://athletics.wikia.com/wiki/ Nervous_System>. 2. Chudler, Eric H. "Lights, Camera, Action Potential." Neuroscience For Kids. Eric H. Chudler, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. <http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap.html>. 3. The Nervous System. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. <http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/ nervous.html>. 4. Staar, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. "Information Flow and the Neuron." Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. 9th ed. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole, 2001. 574-84. Print.

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