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Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences

Lecture 8, 9/29/14. Climate Dynamics 11:670:461. Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA. robock@envsci.rutgers.edu. http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~ robock. Contours are isopycnals s = r w - 1000

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Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences

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  1. Lecture 8, 9/29/14 Climate Dynamics11:670:461 Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA robock@envsci.rutgers.edu http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock

  2. Contours are isopycnals s = rw - 1000 where rw is in units of kg/m3 Grey shading is ocean:Mediterranean Arctic Dashed line is density max Grey line is freezing temperature Fig. 5.1

  3. Fig. 5.2

  4. Fig. 5.3

  5. Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011) https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

  6. Global, annual average heat balance (W/m2) Fig. 5.4

  7. Planetary albedo (a) is the average reflectivity of the Earth = 102/341 = 0.30 Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011) https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

  8. Outer Space: Total = 341 W m‑2– (239 + 102) W m‑2 = 0 W m‑2 Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011) https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

  9. Outer Space: Total = 341.3 W m‑2– (238.5 + 101.9) W m‑2 = -0.9 W m‑2 Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011) https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

  10. Atmosphere: Total = (78 + 17 + 80 + 374) W m‑2 - (187 + 30 + 333) W m‑2 = -1 W m‑2 Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011) https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

  11. T = 255 K T = 288 K Greenhouse effect Surface: Total = (161 + 333) W m‑2 - (17 + 80 + 396) W m‑2 = 1 W m‑2 Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011) https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

  12. Annual average incident solar radiation (W/m2) Annual average absorbed solar radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2) Fig. 5.5

  13. Planetary albedo (%) Fig. 5.6

  14. Dependence of water albedo on solar zenith angle, θZ Fig. 5.7

  15. Annual mean outgoing longwave radiation (W/m2) Fig. 5.8

  16. Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2) Fig. 5.9

  17. Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2) Fig. 5.9

  18. Solar radiation absorbed at surface, SABS (W/m2) Fig. 5.10

  19. Outgoing longwave radiation at surface, esT4 (W/m2) Fig. 5.11a

  20. Downward back radiation at surface, FBACK (W/m2) Fig. 5.11b

  21. Sensible heat flux at surface, HS (W/m2) Fig. 5.12a

  22. Latent heat flux at surface, HL (W/m2) Fig. 5.12b

  23. Horizontal and vertical heat fluxes at surface, FH + FV (W/m2) Fig. 5.13

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