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Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA

Lecture 6, 9/23/13. Climate Dynamics 11:670:461. Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA. robock@envsci.rutgers.edu. http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~ robock. Stronger polar vortex Winter warming

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Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA

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  1. Lecture 6, 9/23/13 Climate Dynamics11:670:461 Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA robock@envsci.rutgers.edu http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock

  2. Stronger polar vortex Winter warming Positive mode is the same as the response to volcanic aerosols. The Arctic Oscillation Thompson and Wallace (1998)

  3. Fig. 4.1

  4. Fig. 4.2

  5. Fig. 4.3

  6. Fig. 4.4

  7. Fig. 4.5

  8. Fig. 4.6

  9. r a S0 = 1368 W m-2 Emission = sTe4 a= planetary albedo (0.30) Greenhouse Effect A =4pr2 A =pr2 Sun Ts Earth

  10. Global Energy Balance Incoming Energy = Outgoing Energy pr2 S0 (1-a) = 4pr2sTe4 r = radius of Earth S0 = solar constant (1368 W/m2) a= planetary albedo (0.30) s= Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 108 W m-2 K-4) Te = effective temperature of the Earth Ts = observed global average surface temperature Greenhouse Effect Ts = 288 K Te = 255 K 33 K (33C° = 59F°) Greenhouse Effect

  11. S0 = “solar constant” = 1368 W/m2 Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Effect a= planetary albedo = 0.30 Te = effective temperature Ts = surface temperature sTe4 sTe4 Greenhouse gases Sensible and latent heat sTs4 esTe4 Ts = Te = 255K = -18°C Ts = 288K = 15°C (Observed)

  12. SAGE II, III SME OSIRIS Robock (1983)

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