ASL III

1. ASL III

2. What’s the difference between… • Language and Communication? • ASL and Gesture? • ASL and SEE

3. Communication doesn’t need language to communicate. • Language NEEDS communication in order to communicate. • Communication – can be by drawing, gesture, flag, etc. • Language – has symbols to govern the language for communication purpose.

4. Difference Between ASL and Gestures ASL is a TRUE language. Gesture is not a language.

5. Difference Between ASL and SEE SEE – is not a language. It’s a method to teach deaf children English. ASL – native language used by deaf people.

6. Sign Language Continuum American Sign Language (ASL) Signing in English Word Order - Pidgin Sign English (PSE) - Contact Language

7. Assumptions of modern languages(OSU, 1991) • Writing does not exist everywhere that spoken/signed language exists. • There are many communities in the world where a written form of language is not used, even in those cultures using a writing system there are individuals who fail to learn the written form of their language. (illiterate)

8. Writing must be taught, whereas spoken/signed language is acquired automatically.

9. Language & Culture

10. Historical language changes English: far out, groovy, awesome, cool, sweet, gay dumb ASL: COW, HORSE, DONKEY, DEAF, SISTER/BROTHER, COMPUTER, WIFE/HUSBAND, MICROWAVE, HOME (EAT&SLEEP)

11. _______________t _____________qASL ITSELF TRUE LANGUAGE(wg)?

12. ASL Gloss

13. ASL is not a written language, nor is there a word-for-sign correlation between ASL and English. For these reasons, this class/textbooks uses glosses to identify the meaning of signs and signed sentences.

14. These glosses are not intended to be the only appropriate English translation, nor are they exact interpretations of signs. The glosses included in this class/textbooks are cues primarily for instructor to use in linking meaning with the sign or signed discourse.

15. Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics

16. Linguistic Components Semantics Pragmatic Syntax Morphology Phonology

17. Linguistic Components Semantics Pragmatic Syntax Morphology Phonology

18. semantics The meanings of words and how they combine into sentence meanings. The study of MEANING. (Longman, 1992)

19. Word or Sign may have one meaning or multiple meanings.

20. semantics Ends Twenty-year friendship ends at altar. The show ends tomorrow. The road ends in a cul-de-sac. Run Pat ran home. (go fast by foot) The water is running. (liquid flow) There’s a run in your hose. (tear in stocking) Chris wants to run for president. (compete) Examples from Buckley (2004)

21. Pool I put five dollars in the pool. I threw a stone into the pool. Bank Ridge/side of the river Financial institution Examples from Buckley (2004) semantics

22. Semantics: more examples Cast - process for selecting a cast of actors. - to put a cast or a splint on the arm to keep the bones from moving. - to cast your fishing rod.

23. Semantics: more examples File Arm Can Mean Train

24. There is more than one correct sign or group of signs that can be used to express the meaning of an English word or words.  • A concept expressed in an ASL sign often cannot be conveyed by a single all-purpose English word. Likewise, English words and phrases may have variations in meaning, which require translations using different ASL signs.

25. semantic examples • Play (playing cards, act/show) • Shot (tired, drink, sent, went over) • Bark ( Yell, tree, dog)

26. Semantic examples • Bar (place to drink, metal rod) • Jump (jumping jacks, jumping from something) • Watch (watching someone, wrist watch) • Space (outer space, extra space, spaced out) • Stamp (post stamp, stamp on hand)

27. semantic examples • Board (at the front of a room, piece of wood, get on -plane) • Bound (have your mind stuck) • Bound (can’t get out of something) • Star (someone famous) • Star (something in the sky)

28. Semantic examples • That’s cool • Be Cool • Cool it off • Drive my car • You drive me crazy • Drive by • I need a break • Break a leg • Give us a break

29. Semantics: With your group, come up with different ways to use the following words: • Bill • Fall • Cheer • Lie • Duck • Fly • Cold • Book • Squash • Lift • Crash • Game • Tape • Sink • Hand • Hard • Ship • Bat • Model

30. Also…. Different sentences mean the same thing. For example: 1) John is an unmarried male. John is a bachelor. 2) The car bumped the truck. The truck was bumped by the car.

31. 3) What do you do? What do you do for living? 4) How are you? How have you been? Howdy? Whassup?

32. Remember…. ASL ≠ English

33. Semantics…. • The study of ________________ MEANING.

34. Linguistic Components Semantics Pragmatic Syntax Morphology Phonology

35. pragmatic How the interpretation and use of utterances depends on knowledge of the real world. (Longman, 1992) The effect of situation on language use. (Buckley, 2004) Meaning and context (OSU, 1991)

36. pragmatic These sentences can all express the same request, but often indirectly. (Buckley, 2004) Please shut the window I wonder if we should shut the window. It’s cold in here. Do you feel a draft?

37. “Ask the man upstairs.”

38. Pragmatic: more examples Does it look like rain? It’s going to rain. Did you feel water drops? What are you doing tonight? Got any plans tonight? Anything fun going on? Can I go with you?

39. pragmatics • I need something to eat. • I want to eat. • I can eat a horse.

40. pragmatics “Have you got any cash on you?” where the speaker really wants the listener to understand the meaning: “Can you lend me some money? I don't have much on me.”

41. Pragmatics • She dribbled the ball down the court and shot a basket. • The birds and the bees. • Keep Austin Weird

42. pragmatic examples • Do you want go out to eat dinner with me? • Would you like to see a movie? • It is too long of a trip to go up the stairs. • I get tired every time I walk up there. • Could the door be any further away?

43. Pragmatics • There’s a bear behind you! • There’s a bear behind you. • Run! • Did you know there’s a bear behind you? • What’s that bear doing in here?

44. Pragmatics & Semantics Semantics focuses on the meaning depending on the context (pragmatics)…

45. Linguistic Components Semantics Pragmatic Syntax Morphology Phonology

46. Syntax How words are organized into sentences. The study of how words combine to form a sentence and the rules which govern the formation of sentences. (Longman, 1992)

47. Syntax • English basic word order is Subject+Verb+Object (“SVO”). Kim ate oranges. • ASL basic word order is Subject/Object+Verb (“SOV” or ”OSV”) ORANGE KIM EAT-FINISH KIM ORANGE SHE EAT-FINISH

48. **Basic** ASL Grammar Order 1) TIME Reference (not duration or tense) 2) TOPIC a) Direct Object i) assign reference point, if necessary ii) adjectives for direct object b) Subject i) assign reference point, if necessary ii) adjectives for subject 3) COMMENT a) Reference point for Object and Subject b) Verbs i) Adverbs are implied in nonmanual signals i) Verb aspects iii) Helping/conditional verbs come after the main “action” verb. 4) WH-Q YES/NO-Q Negation/Assertion Tense (If Time Reference not included. It would be redundant.) Source: Amanda Noark Revised by Lisa Gelineau

49. Syntax Example: English – I have tobuy the book. S O conditional verb main verb (CV) (MV) ASL - BOOK ME BUY HAVE-TO[AF-FO] O S MV CV

50. Syntax More examples: I went to a grocery store yesterday. Did he buy the toaster? She will buy a car.