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Political Revival: The Holy Roman Empire

Political Revival: The Holy Roman Empire. The Founding of the Holy Roman Empire. East Franks + Kingdom of Italy dukes as independent tribal rulers (localism) Otto the Great “drive to the East” firm base b/c alliance w/ clergy lay investiture crowned emperor by Pope whom he later deposed.

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Political Revival: The Holy Roman Empire

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  1. Political Revival: The Holy Roman Empire

  2. The Founding of the Holy Roman Empire • East Franks + Kingdom of Italy • dukes as independent tribal rulers (localism) • Otto the Great • “drive to the East” • firm base b/c alliance w/ clergy • lay investiture • crowned emperor by Pope whom he later deposed

  3. Otto’s Successors and the Gathering Opposition • Protector of Christian order • Elected (German tradition) • Religious reform • secular rulers as agents of Church • simony – buying/selling of Church offices • College of Cardinals – group which choose Pope • lay investiture illegal

  4. The Investiture Struggle • 1075 Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII • “the false monk” • Excommunication • Election • Penitence • Exile • Normans

  5. The Investiture Struggle • Concordat of Worms • Election of ecclesiastical offices by Church • Lands invested by secular ruler • Less hierarchical • Monarchy remains weak • Nobles very powerful

  6. The Hohenstaufens • Frederick I, Barbarossa (Ghibellines) • “Holy Roman Empire” • Pope Alexander III (Guelfs) • Lombard League • Battle of Legnano • Peace of Constance – independence of Italian towns

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