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Quantitative Interpretation of Satellite and Surface Measurements of Aerosols over North America

Quantitative Interpretation of Satellite and Surface Measurements of Aerosols over North America. Aaron van Donkelaar M.Sc. Defense December, 2005. Aerosols – Why do we care?. Climate Change Direct Effect Indirect Effect Health Effects (PM 2.5 ) Lung cancers Pulmonary Inflammation

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Quantitative Interpretation of Satellite and Surface Measurements of Aerosols over North America

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  1. Quantitative Interpretation of Satellite and Surface Measurements of Aerosols over North America Aaron van Donkelaar M.Sc. Defense December, 2005

  2. Aerosols – Why do we care? • ClimateChange • Direct Effect • Indirect Effect • Health Effects (PM2.5) • Lung cancers • Pulmonary Inflammation • Visibility Image from http://cariari.ucr.ac.cr/~faccienc/temas2/planeta.htm

  3. Part I – Remote Sensing of Ground-Level PM2.5 Column Mass Loading: Ground-Level PM2.5: • ρ – particle mass density • r – effective radius • τ – aerosol optical depth • Qe – Mie extinction efficiency • z – Height of regional air mass subscript d denotes dry conditions

  4. Instrumentation MISR • Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer • 4 spectral bands at 9 different viewing angles • 6-9 days for global coverage • No assumption regarding surface reflectivity MODIS • Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer • 32 channels (7 used for Aerosol Retrieval): 0.47, 0.55, 0.67, 0.87, 1.24, 1.64 um • Approx. daily global coverage • Requires dark surface for AOD retrieval

  5. GEOS-CHEM • 50 Tracers • 1º x 1º resolution • 30 vertical levels (lowest at ~10, 50, 100, 200, 300 m) • GMAO fields: temperature, winds, cloud properties, heat flux and precipitation • sulphate, nitrate, mineral dust, fine/coarse seasalt, organic and black carbon • Aerosol and oxidant simulations coupled through • formation of sulphate and nitrate • heterogeneous chemistry • aerosol effect of photolysis rates • Seasonal average biomass burning

  6. Remote vs. Ground PM2.5

  7. Scatter Plot Comparison/Table Holding Constants

  8. Temporal Correlation

  9. Global PM2.5

  10. Part II –Organic Aerosol Sources • Primary Sources: • combustion (biomass/biofuel) • Secondary Sources: • condensation of gaseous species • not well understood • GEOS-CHEM OA Simulation • Seasonally varying biomass burning inventories • Inversion removed • SOA based upon Chung and Seinfeld [2002] • Biogenic emissions from MEGAN inventory • HxCy + (O3, OH, NO3) → semi-volatile products

  11. IMPROVE Organic Aerosol

  12. IMPROVE – GEOS-CHEM Organic Aerosol

  13. Isoprene conversion fits within model biases

  14. Large effect from non-OA condensation

  15. Conclusions • Remote PM2.5 • significant correlation (MODIS: R=0.68, MISR:0.54) • dominant factors include AOD and vertical structure • reveals global regions of high PM2.5 • Sources of Organic Aerosol • isoprene conversion reduces model bias • non-OA condensation unclear

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