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Vertebral Column

Vertebral Column. Review of Axial Skeleton. Consists of the following: The skull The vertebral column The thoracic cage Auditory ossicles and hyoid. Purpose of Vertebral Column. Provides support and protection Consists of bones called vertebrae. 4 Curvatures and 4 Regions.

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Vertebral Column

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  1. Vertebral Column

  2. Review of Axial Skeleton • Consists of the following: • The skull • The vertebral column • The thoracic cage • Auditory ossicles and hyoid

  3. Purpose of Vertebral Column • Provides support and protection • Consists of bones called vertebrae

  4. 4 Curvatures and 4 Regions

  5. 1. Cervical Curvature • Anterior curve • 7 vertebrae

  6. 2. Thoracic Curvature • Posterior curve • 12 vertebrae

  7. 3.Lumbar Curvature • Anterior curve • 5 vertebrae

  8. 4. Sacral Curvature • Posterior curve • 2 vertebrae • Sacrum • Coccyx

  9. Review of Normal Curvatures • A, P, A, P (superior to inferior) Why is the normal spine curved in the first place?

  10. Abnormal Curvatures of Column • Kyphosis – “hunchback” or exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature • Lordosis – “swayback” or exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature • Scoliosis – lateral curvature mostly in the thoracic region of the spine

  11. Abnormal Curvatures of Column

  12. Typical Vertebra

  13. Typical Vertebra Intervertebral foramen Intervertebral disc

  14. Vertebrae • Total number and type • 7 cervical • 12 thoracic • 5 lumbar • 1 sacrum and 1 coccyx • Typical vertebrae (C3-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5)

  15. Atypical vertebrae • C1 – atlas • C2 – axis • Sacrum • Coccyx

  16. C1 -- Atlas • No body • No spinous process • Articular facets • In contact with occipital condyles

  17. Occipital Condyles Occipital condyles This articulation provides the “yes” motion of the skull.

  18. C2 -- Axis Odontoid process (dens)

  19. Atlas and Axis • Atlas rotates around the odontoid process of the axis….thus the • name “axis” (of rotation). • Rotation provides the “no” motion of the skull. • Shaking baby syndrome

  20. Unique to Cervical Vertebrae They all possess transverse foramen within their transverse processes. Transverse foramen

  21. Transverse Foramen Transmit the vertebral arteries as they course to the brain

  22. Sacrum and coccyx • Sacrum – fusion of 5 vertebrae, completed 25-30 yo • Coccyx – fusion of 4 vertebrae, completed 25-30 yo

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