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Understanding the Periodic Table: Structure, Elements, and Properties

Explore the Periodic Table (PT) and its fascinating structure, which was revolutionized by scientists like Mendeleev and Moseley. This guide covers the fundamental concepts, including periods and groups that categorize elements based on their properties and atomic structure. Learn about different element classifications—metals, nonmetals, metalloids, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases. Additionally, discover the unique characteristics of the lanthanide and actinide series. Perfect for students and science enthusiasts alike!

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Understanding the Periodic Table: Structure, Elements, and Properties

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  1. Periodic Table

  2. What the PT really looks like

  3. People • Mendeleev-Russian scientist that published the first modern PT based on atomic mass. • Moseley-British scientist that rearranged the PT by atomic number

  4. 2 Symbol-1, 2 letter abbreviation Element name Atomic Number-p+, e- Atomic mass-Average mass of p+ and n in nucleus (Mass #) Element Squares 6 C Carbon 12.01

  5. Periods • Horizontal rows • 7 periods • Periods correspond w/ # of energy levels an element has • The lanthanide and actinide series (on bottom) are pulled out and placed on the bottom to save space.

  6. Groups/Families • Vertical columns • 18 groups • Also called families because each group has similar properties because they have the same # of e- in the outer energy level.

  7. Metals • Shiny • Solid • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Malleable • Ductile • High Density • Almost 90 metals • Left side of PT (except H)

  8. Nonmetals • Dull (not shiny) or powdery • Can be S, L, or Gas • Poor conductors of heat/electricity • Can’t be pounded (brittle) • Not ductile (wires) • Usually low density • Less than 20 • Right side of PT (except H)

  9. Metalloids • Shiny or dull • Solid • Often used as semiconductors in computers • Not malleable • Not ductile • Density varies • 7 (shaded in) • Along stair step (not Al)

  10. Alkali Metals • Group 1 • Highly reactive-never alone in nature • Soft, shiny, silver-white • Good conductors

  11. Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2 • Highly Reactive • Soft, silver-white, shiny • Give off bright colors when burned

  12. Transition Metals • Found in middle of PT • Groups 3-12 • Not as reactive as alkali metals • Good for use in jewelry, pots, etc because not as reactive

  13. Halogens • Group 17 • Very reactive nonmetals • Mostly gases

  14. Noble Gases • Group 18 • Unreactive gases • Also called “inert”

  15. Lanthanide Series • Classified as Rare Earth Metals • Found naturally on earth • Soft, silver-white malleable metals with high luster (shine) and conductivity. • Very reactive • Found on bottom of PT

  16. Actinide Series • Radioactive • Most are man made

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