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飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找 四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th Generation Quarks

飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找 四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th Generation Quarks. the Experimentheorist. April 5, 2011, 兩岸 PP/Cosm Workshop @ NTHU. ⊳. Outline. I. Intro: 「 Summit 」 Project on 4G !? II. Back to 2004: D A K p , P EW , t ′

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飛越小林 ‧ 益川 ─ 尋找 四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th Generation Quarks

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  1. 飛越小林‧益川 ─ 尋找四代夸克 Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa ─ Search for 4th Generation Quarks the Experimentheorist April 5,2011,兩岸PP/Cosm Workshop@NTHU ⊳

  2. Outline I. Intro: 「Summit」Project on 4G!? II. Back to 2004: DAKp,PEW,t′ Surprise / FPCP4 / Bs→ J/yf /「Nature」/ CPV4BAU III. Strategizing NTUCMS IV.The 2008 Nobel: from KM to Nambu Large Yukawa, 〈QQ〉, UB ↝ Lattice V. Money Matters & Summiteering VI. “Summit”3+I Status VII. Conclusion _

  3. I. Intro 「Summit」 Project on 4G!? 四代夸克的追尋 5-yr Approval 3 + I

  4. II. Back to 2004: DAKp,PEW,t′ Surprise / FPCP4 / Bs→ J/yf /「Nature」/ CPV4BAU

  5. 275M BB New the Thread that Lead ... ACP(B  K+p0 ) Sakai Kp0 : 728 53 ACP(Kp0) = 0.04  0.05  0.02 hint thatACP(K+p- ) ¹ACP(Kp0 ) ? (2.4s) [also seen by BaBar] d p0 Large EW penguin (Z0) ? New Physics ? _ d B- b s K- u u ICHEP 2004, Beijing

  6. My first B (and 4G :) paper WSH, Willey, Soni dimensions < nondecoupling

  7. Nondecoupling Decoupling Thm: Heavy Masses are decoupled in QED/QCD ∵Appear in Propagator Nondecoupling: Yukawa CouplingslQAppear in Numerator dynamical Subtlety of Spont. Broken Chiral Gauge Theory

  8. d p0 _ d B- b s K- u u Surprise: B → Kp DCPV Difference • AK+p--10% observed 2004; AK+p0not significant, but deviate by +3.8s • b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t’ w/ - PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL, 2005 - PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL, 2007 ⇨ Can in principle generate DAkp Not anticipated! Difference Is Large ! DAkp  + 16% t’ Can determine full 44 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2005

  9. On Boxes and Z Penguins Agenda for All Aspects of Flavor/CPV Nondecoupling GIM, charm,K ∵ Large Yukawa! small ’/, K  pnn (still waiting) heavy top, sin2f1/b Bs Z  bb Z dominance for heavy top AFB 1986  2002 All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th D ! b’,t’ @ (Tevatron/)LHC

  10. Can determine full 44 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05 Illustration WSH, Ma, PRD’10 ⇨ CKM4

  11. d p0 _ d B- b s K- u u Surprise: B → Kp DCPV Difference • AK+p--10% observed 2004; AK+p0not significant, but deviate by +3.8s • b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t’ w/ - PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL, 2005 - PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL, 2007 ⇨ Can in principle generate DAkp Not anticipated! Difference Is Large ! DAkp  + 16% t’ t’ Predict sin2FBs = - 0.2 to -0.7 t’ Can determine full 44 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2005

  12. Fermilab

  13. sin2FBs~ -0.5 --0.7 sin2FBs ~ -0.33 WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph] (already in 05) sin2FBs ≡ sinfs≡ -sin2bs Also, Soni et al., arXiv:1002.0595 [hep-ph] Buras et al. arXiv:1002.2126 [hep-ph] Lenz et al., arXiv:1005.3505 [hep-ph] 4G Rehab PRD’10 4th generation “prediction” still robust, but needs LHCb to verify Summer ’10 bs seems smaller comment: probably hadronic enhanced DGs

  14. 4G Rehabilitation ~ 100 citations

  15. d p0 _ d B- b s K- u u Surprise: B → Kp DCPV Difference • AK+p--10% observed 2004; AK+p0not significant, but deviate by +3.8s • Belle Nature 2008: • b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t’ w/ - PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL, 2005 - PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL, 2007 ⇨ Can in principle generate DAkp Predict sin2FBs = - 0.2 to -0.7 Not anticipated! Lin, Unno, WSH, Chang et al. Difference Is Large ! DAkp  + 16% 4.4s by single experiment t’ t’ t’ Can determine full 44 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2005

  16. the 4G Leap One day late summer 2007, it occurred to me … If shift by One Generation in SM4(need 3 generation in KM) Some J-likeObject Gains 10+15 w/ 4 Generations Providence Jarlskog invariant WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph] CJP’09

  17. III. Strategizing NTUCMS 漢中策略/ Critical Mass / b’→ tW

  18. Find b’, t’, or Rule Out @ LHC Strategic Planning for CMS Physics Analysis Vision ~ Early ’06 • 4th generation? — The jury is out … In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t’ Once and For All ! Act II WSH & Arhrib, JHEP’06 It’s a Duty. Take disfavored status of 4G to our advantage, i.e. as cover • Strategy Considerations ( ) • Well shielded training ground— All Tools • ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years • Publish early — Large Cross Section • - If “Limits”, then easy to publish • - If “Signal”, Lucked Out! Well shielded Publish early

  19. $$$ Key: People @ CERN 0  5  9 people @ CERN 3/07 4/08 4/09 5 doctoral students Taiwan

  20. Analysis Status pre-“accident”: b’→ tW(PAS) 9/2008

  21. IV.The 2008 Nobel: from KM to Nambu _ Large Yukawa, 〈QQ〉, UB ↝ Lattice Strategizing NCTS-North: LHC/Plasmonics/GPU

  22. Need Study Platform Higgs-Yukawa on Lattice Thoughts on the other 1/2 Nobel Prize "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature" "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" SSB Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ? Bob Holdom: N–J-L [Bardeen, Hill, Lindner Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic” 4th gen. 59

  23. Strong, Nonperturbative Yukawa sets in!

  24. V. Money Matters & Summiteering 「CHF Debt」/ Beyond “Conceptual”/ Vulcanized:Pixel I

  25. Money Matters&攻頂之路 2009年 密辛 • 2008年即從台大校長得知攻頂計劃方案，但表示不會申請，因覺得被認 為已拿太多錢，背上會挨滿箭 • 2009年春得知被CERN認定7年來欠四十萬瑞郎，雖在半年内找到管道 還清，但認清參與CERN需要資源，開始認真考慮攻頂。 • 2008-2009年粒子物理發展開始對四代夸克漸漸有利 … • 2009年12月提構想案，但硬體方案沒有著落 (rad. hard crystals?)。 • 2010年4月構想案審查通過，但有意見強調實驗必須有強的硬體方案… • … Iceland volcano • 2010年5月6日∶ 50 hour roundtrip to PSI near Zurich… Pixel I!  5月15日file proposal !

  26. Money Matters&攻頂之路 2009年 密辛 • 2008年即從校長得知，但表示不會申請，因覺得被認為已拿太多錢，背 上會挨滿箭 • 2009年春得知被CERN認定7年來欠四十萬瑞郎，雖在半年内找到管道 還清，但認清參與CERN需要資源，開始認真考慮攻頂。 • 2008-2009年粒子物理發展開始對四代夸克漸漸有利 … • 2009年12月提構想案，但硬體方案沒有著落 (rad. hard crystals?)。 • 2010年4月構想案審查通過，但有意見強調實驗必須有強的硬體方案… • … Iceland volcano • 2010年5月6日∶ 50 hour roundtrip to PSI near Zurich… Pixel I!  5月15日file proposal !

  27. VI. “Summit” 3+I Status

  28. 4G Search • arXiv:1102.4746 [hep-ex], based on 2010 data • b’ heavier than 361 GeV • Collider Pheno • - Manpower at NTUHEP (jointly with Xiao-Gang) • - Prelim. results: +New Yukawa Bound States? • + nEDM4 perhaps accessible to SNS • + Can generate BAU if assume bubble wall • + Other … • Lattice Yukawa • - Contact with DESY-Zeuthen • - New Cluster ~ May; will run larger lattice 3 + I After > half year politics, Pixel Upgrade Phase-1 MB formed

  29. ~ same as CDF 1/2011 update w/ 4.8 fb-1

  30. 4G Search • arXiv:1102.4746 [hep-ex], based on 2010 data • b’ heavier than 361 GeV • Collider Pheno • - Manpower at NTUHEP (jointly with Xiao-Gang) • - Prelim. results: +New Yukawa Bound States? • + nEDM4 perhaps accessible to SNS • + Can generate BAU4 if assume bubble wall • + Other … • Lattice Yukawa • - Contact with DESY-Zeuthen; run smaller lattice • - New Cluster ~ May; will run larger lattice 3 + I After > 1/2 year politics, Pixel Upgrade Phase-1 MB formed Will aim for new NTU「拔尖」Project

  31. CMS Pixel Upgrade Phase 1 Management Board BPix Chair FPix

  32. VII. Conclusion: Collect Bets on 4G > Last Chance for you to Bet Against4G! < • It may appear in these two years • Impact FP/CPV4↝ BAU4 • Turn EWSB4 Upside Down

  33. Kobayashi’s Nobel slides J seems short by at least 10-10 Jarlskog invariant

  34. perturbative • Caveats • “Nambu Pairing” or Condensate (Strong Yukawa !) could enterE(T) • (Multi-)Higgs field likely composite in presence of Strong Yukawa Lattice Higgs-Yukawa What about Strength of Phase Transition? Higgs potential at T  0 regulate transition strength: bosons W, Z • For mH> 72 GeV transition is acrossover • ― rules out BAU in SM. • Typically invoke SUSY: light stop • With SM4, no new bosons  still insufficient Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996 e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000 Fok and Kribs, 2008 Could nonperturbative Yukawa save the day?

  35. PAMELA ! • PAMELA e+ could be due to (near by) Pulsars (so, Astrophysics); see e.g. Hooper, Blasi and Serpico, JCAP01(2009)025 BUT THAT DIDN’T STOP DM PARTICLE SPECULATOR/THEORISTS • B → Kp DCPV Difference could be due to “Enhanced Color-suppressed C” AND THIS SEEMS TO STOP FURTHER THOUGHTS ACROSS ATLANTIC!? N.B. QCDFdid not predict AK+p-; SCETgot wrong sign for DAkp but PQCD did predict (ca. 2001) sign and strength of AK+p-; What Theorists Should Do! (like “Blind Analysis”)

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