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Simple Animals

Simple Animals. L2 Biology. A breakdown of the animal kingdom reveals many phyla. Porifera - sponges Cnidaria – jellyfish, coral Platyhelminthes – flat worms Nematoda – round worms Annilida – segmented worms Mollusca – clams, snails, squid Echinodermata - starfish

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Simple Animals

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  1. Simple Animals L2 Biology

  2. A breakdown of the animal kingdom reveals many phyla • Porifera - sponges • Cnidaria – jellyfish, coral • Platyhelminthes – flat worms • Nematoda – round worms • Annilida – segmented worms • Mollusca – clams, snails, squid • Echinodermata - starfish • Arthropoda – insect, spider, crustacean • Chordata– frogs,fish, humans SIMPLE ANIMALS

  3. Cnidaria (formerly called Coelenterata) • All have stinging cells (cnidocytes) • Two body forms: • Medusa – like a jelly fish • Polyp – like a hydra • Radial symmetry • Have tentacles

  4. Cnidarian Cnidocyte Have you ever been stung by jellyfish?

  5. Cnidarian Life Cycle – medusa and polyp alternate medusa polyp egg larva

  6. JELLYFISH - MEDUSAS

  7. Hydra Hydroid Polyp body form

  8. Hydra on water plants

  9. Hydra Anatomy mouth tentacles testis bud Gastrovascular cavity ovary Basal disc

  10. Coral is actually a colony of polyps, most of which are the size of a single hydra – they just make a case around them for their home.

  11. Here are a variety of anemones – polyp body form

  12. - Platyhelminthes • Have flat bodies • Some are parasitic • Most are free-living

  13. These are free-living flatworms Planaria

  14. Scolex – head with hooks and suckers Tapeworms – the ultimate parasite –only highly developed system is its reproductive system - hermaphroditic

  15. Phylum Nematoda - roundworms • Mouth – digestive tube – anus • Most free-living • Some parasitic • Look like threads in the microscope

  16. Hookworm Enters through soles of feet Larvae in human feces Causes fatigue – may cause physical and mental retardation if children have it Trichina From undercooked pork Causes severe muscle aches when larvae migrate from intestine to muscles Some are parasitic to humans • Filaria • Causes elephantiasis • No treatment • Carried by mosquitoes

  17. This lesion is caused by a nematode infestation

  18. Elephantiasis • Caused by filaria – the worm blocks the lympatic vessels and the area swells with lymph. No treatment is available.

  19. Phylum Annelida • Segmented worms • Includes earthworms and leeches • Most are free-living • Complex body with organ systems • hermaphroditic

  20. Leech Earthworm

  21. Earthworm Anatomy

  22. Phylum Arthropoda • Jointed legs • Chitinous exoskeleton • Ventral nerve cord • Must molt to grow • Some undergo metamorphosis • Includes insects, crustaceans, spiders, millipedes and centipedes

  23. Class Insecta • Six legs • May have wings • Undergo metamorphosis • Varied mouthparts • Breathe using spiracles

  24. Class Arachnida – 8 legs, no antennae, simple eyes, chelicerae, scorpion tick Dust mites spiders

  25. CCrustacea – two body regions = cephalothoraxmost live in water

  26. Millipedes and Centipedes

  27. The End

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