1 / 19

Chapter 8: Life’s structure and Classification

Chapter 8: Life’s structure and Classification. Living Things. What are living things like?. Organism: Any living thing Can vary in size (bacteria---gigantic oak tree----humans) Have different behaviors and food requirements. Similarities between all living things. They are organized

gwydion-probert
Download Presentation

Chapter 8: Life’s structure and Classification

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8: Life’s structure and Classification Living Things

  2. What are living things like? • Organism: Any living thing • Can vary in size (bacteria---gigantic oak tree----humans) • Have different behaviors and food requirements

  3. Similarities between all living things • They are organized • All organisms are made up of cells (the smallest unit of an organism that carries on the function of life) • They grow and develop • Infant—adult • Organisms change as they grow (development) • They respond • Living things must interact with their environment • Stimulus: Anything that causes some change in an organism. • Response: the reaction to a stimulus-Results in movement

  4. Similarities between all living things (continued..) • They maintain homeostasis • Ability of an organism to maintain proper internal conditions despite changes in the environment. • They use energy • All organisms require energy for everyday life functions (staying organized, carrying on activities-finding/making food) • They reproduce • Making their own kind • Living things need to replace those individuals that die

  5. What do living things need? • A place to live • Suited to their unique needs (temperature, sunlight, space etc..) • Water • Important functions: transporting materials within a cell and between cells. • We are made up of 60-70% of water! • Food sources • Take in substances (protein, fats, sugars) from other animals • Plants and some bacteria make their own food

  6. Cell Structure What are cells? What are the functions of each part of a cell? - What is the difference between unicellular and multi-cellular organisms?

  7. A little history • 1600’s : Leeuwenhoek made a simple microscopeled to types of microscopes we use today • Discovered cells under microscope • Robert Hooke looked at a cork and saw many empty little boxes—named them cells • 1800’s: Schleiden(plant cell) and Schwann (animal cell): all living things are made up of cells • Virchow: main contributor to the cell theory

  8. The Cell Theory • All organisms are made up of one or more cell • The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms • Basic unit of structure and function • All cells come from cells • Divide to form new, identical cells

  9. Prokaryotic: only found in ONE-celled organisms Cells without membrane-bound structures Ex: Bacteria Eukaryotic: More complex internal structure Cells with membrane bound structures Ex: protists, fungi, plants and animals Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell

  10. Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

  11. Cellular organization - Main structures Organelle: parts of the cell

  12. Cell structure Description/function • Cell Membrane • Protective layer surrounding every cell • Regulates interactions (what goes in and out) between the cell and its environment • Nutrients move in, waste moves out • Cytoplasm • Gelatin like substance which cells are filled with • Where the cells organelles are located • Most of cells life processes occur here • Nucleus • contains a membrane, nucleolus, and hereditary material (DNA) • Control center(all cellular activities are directed here)

  13. Image Bank Eukaryotic Cell Membrane

  14. Cell structure Description/function continued • Mitochondria • Powerhouse of the cell-releases energy that is needed by the cell • Golgi bodies • Stacked flattened membranes • Package material for release to the outside of the cell • Vacuole • Membrane-bound spaces • Temporary storage of materials (stores water, waste products, food etc.)

  15. Cell structure Description/function continued • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Series of folded membranes • Transport materials inside cell • Ribosomes • Make proteinsProteins: part of cell membranes and needed for chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm • Chloroplasts (plant only) • Contains chlorophyllUse light to make sugar-food and energy for plants

  16. Cell structure/function • Lysosome • Break down & Recycle! • Contain digestive chemicals that break down food molecules, cell wastes, worn out cell parts and viruses and bacteria that enter cell • When cell dies, release chemicals to breakdown cell contents

  17. Animal vs Plant Cell

  18. Unicellular vs Multicellular organisms • Unicellular organism: • one celled organism (perform all life functions on their own) • Multicellular organisms: • many celled organisms (cells cannot function alone) • Celltissueorganorgan systemsorganism

  19. Image Bank Many-Celled Organism

More Related