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Outflows and Jets: Theory and Observations

Winter term 2006/2007 Henrik Beuther & Christian Fendt. Outflows and Jets: Theory and Observations. 20.10 Introduction & Overview (H.B. & C.F.) 27.10   Definitions, parameters, basic observations (H.B) 03.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models I (C.F.)

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Outflows and Jets: Theory and Observations

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  1. Winter term 2006/2007 Henrik Beuther & Christian Fendt Outflows and Jets: Theory and Observations 20.10 Introduction & Overview (H.B. & C.F.) 27.10   Definitions, parameters, basic observations (H.B) 03.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models I (C.F.) 10.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models II (C.F.) 17.11   Observational properties of accretion disks (H.B.) 24.11   Accretion disk theory and jet launching (C.F.) 01.12   Outflow-disk connection, outflow entrainment (H.B.) 08.12   Outflow-ISM interaction, outflow chemistry (H.B.) 15.12   Theory of outflow interactions; Instabilities; Shocks (C.F.) 22.12, 29.12 and 05.01      Christmas and New Years break 12.01   Outflows from massive star-forming regions (H.B.) 19.01   Radiation processes (H.B. & C.F.) 26.01   AGN jet theory (C.F.) 02.02   Observations of AGN jets (Guest speaker: Klaus Meisenheimer) 09.02   Summary, Outlook, Questions (H.B. & C.F.) More Information and the current lecture files: http://www.mpia.de/homes/beuther/lecture_ws0607.html beuther@mpia.de, fendt@mpia.de

  2. The outflow HH212 McCaughrean et al. 2002

  3. Driving jet and entrained molecular outflow II HH211, Gueth et al. 1999, Hirano et al. 2006, Palau et al. 2006

  4. red blue Jet rotation in DG Tau Testi et al. 2002 Corotation of disk and jet Bacciotti et al. 2002

  5.  1st moment map clearly suggests the outflow is rotating! A rotating molecular outflow: CB26 Launhardt et al., in prep.

  6. Inc. 90deg, Vrot = 1.6 km/s Inc. 45deg, Vrot = 1.6 km/s Inc. 85deg, Vrot = 1.6 km/s Why don‘t we see more rotating outflows? Launhardt et al., in prep.

  7. Girart et al. 2006 Ambipolar diffusion

  8. Outflow properties Mechanical Force Mass Outflow rate Mechanical L

  9. Outflow entrainment models Arce et al. 2006

  10. Collimation and pv-structure Lee et al. 2001 HH212: consistent with jet-driving VLA0548: consistent with wind-driving • pv-structure of jet- and wind-driven models very different • Often Hubble-law observed --> increasing velocity with increasing dist. from protostar • Hubble-law maybe explained by: (a) decreasing grav. potential with distance to star • (for central jet), (b) decreasing density gradient and hence pressure with distance • from star (for larger-scale outflow), (c) continuous (or episodic) driving of the in a • non-ballistic fashion that energy constantly gets induced in jet.

  11. Evolutionary effects of outflow-envelope interaction II Arce & sargent 2006

  12. Outflow chemistry Bachiller et al. 2001

  13. IRAM 30m data Grey: 1.2mm Contours:CO(2-1) Outflows from massive star-forming regions Beuther et al. 2002

  14. An evolutionary scenario Beuther & Shepherd 2005

  15. Open questions and future directions Is it possible to unify the wide-angle wind and jet model? Search for jets toward the most massive and luminous sources. Are collimated jets really not existing for them? And if yes, what does that imply? What kind of outflows would be expected from merger events? Zoom into the jet-launching region. So far we do not know much observationally there. Interesting scales are between sub-AU and about 10AU. At typical Taurus distance of 150pc, this corresponds to 0.007’’ and 0.1’’. Current (sub)mm interferometers reach ~0.3’’, but ALMA will go down to 0.01’’, and VLTI aims at 0.001’’. VLBI observations of masers are feasible as well. Study the magnetic fields of the jet-launching but also the wider outflow regions. Deeper investigation of feedback and turbulence processes. How do the molecular cores get destroyed?

  16. Winter term 2006/2007 Henrik Beuther & Christian Fendt Outflows and Jets: Theory and Observations 20.10 Today: Introduction & Overview (H.B. & C.F.) 27.10   Definitions, parameters, basic observations (H.B) 03.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models I (C.F.) 10.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models II (C.F.) 17.11   Observational properties of accretion disks (H.B.) 24.11   Accretion disk theory and jet launching (C.F.) 01.12   Outflow-disk connection, outflow entrainment (H.B.) 08.12   Outflow-ISM interaction, outflow chemistry (H.B.) 15.12   Theory of outflow interactions; Instabilities, Shocks (C.F.) 22.12, 29.12 and 05.01      Christmas and New Years break 12.01   Outflows from massive star-forming regions (H.B.) 19.01   Radiation processes (H.B. & C.F.) 26.01   AGN jet theory (C.F.) 02.02 Observations of AGN jets (Guest speaker: K. Meisenheimer) 09.02   Summary, Outlook, Questions (H.B. & C.F.) More Information and the current lecture files: http://www.mpia.de/homes/beuther/lecture_ws0607.html beuther@mpia.de, fendt@mpia.de

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