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Intro to Molecular Biology the study of DNA, RNA and Proteins

Intro to Molecular Biology the study of DNA, RNA and Proteins. 1860s – Mendel = factors 1920s – Chromosomes discovered Chromosomes composed of DNA and protein Griffith – Bacteria Transformation Hershey & Chase - discover DNA via bacteriophage. Chargaff Base pairing rule (C-G, A-T)

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Intro to Molecular Biology the study of DNA, RNA and Proteins

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  1. Intro to Molecular Biologythe study ofDNA, RNA and Proteins

  2. 1860s – Mendel = factors • 1920s – Chromosomes discovered • Chromosomes composed of DNA and protein • Griffith – Bacteria Transformation • Hershey & Chase - discover DNA via bacteriophage. • Chargaff • Base pairing rule (C-G, A-T) • Ratio of bases is species specific A Brief History

  3. A Brief History • Watson & Crick: structure of DNA • Meselson & Stahl - DNA replication is semiconservative. • Beadle and Tatum - “One gene – one enzyme/polypeptide”

  4. Nucleotides Nucleotides = Nitrogenous base + 5C sugar + P Pentoses • 5 carbon sugars • ribose • deoxyribose (1 less O atom) • the pentose forms the central group of the nucleotide

  5. Nitrogenous Bases • Pyrimidines: (single ring bases) • Cytosine • Uracil • Thymine (CUT a piece of PY) • Purines (double ring bases) • Adenine • Guanine

  6. Pentose is central molecule • Nitrogenous base bonds to C1 by dehydration synthesis • P group bonds to C5 by dehydration synthesis

  7. Nucleic Acids • chains of nucleotides • 2 types: • DNA made of DNA nucleotides (A-G, C-T) • RNA made of RNA nucleotides (A-G, C-U)

  8. Replication Step 1: Unwinding DNAStep 2: Unzipping DNAStep 3: Copying the DNA strandsStep 4: Sewing the Fragments togetherStep 5: The 2 DNAs separateStep 6: Proofreading & Excision Repair DNA making new DNA

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