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Understanding Genes, Alleles, and Nucleotide Sequences in Genetics

This comprehensive overview explores essential concepts in genetics, including genes, alleles, and nucleotide sequences. Discover fascinating facts such as human genetic similarities with chimpanzees and bananas, the inheritance of traits from parents, and the central dogma of genetics which describes transcription and translation processes. We delve into the significance of the cell cycle, mitosis, and gene regulation, alongside real-world examples of genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. Illustrated diagrams enhance understanding of these complex topics.

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Understanding Genes, Alleles, and Nucleotide Sequences in Genetics

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  1. Answers: Genes, alleles, nucleotide sequence • Questions: • You share 99% of your ___________ with a chimpanzee. • You share 60% of your ___________ with a banana. • 50% of your ___________ came from your mother.

  2. What is a gene?

  3. Fig. 18.8

  4. Draw the cell cycle. • Why does the cell cycle matter?

  5. Fig. 12.5

  6. Mitosis

  7. Draw a chromosome as it would look at each stage of the cell cycle.

  8. Fig. 5.28

  9. Fig. 12.4 Centromere

  10. What is a chromosome made of?

  11. Fig. 16.21

  12. Histones are critical for DNA structure

  13. What makes the dominant allele dominant? • Sickle cell? • Cystic fibrosis? • Huntington’s disease? • Blood type? • Mendel’s wrinkly peas?

  14. What is the central dogma of genetics?

  15. Fig. 17.4—The Central Dogma of Genetics

  16. Transcription Analogy Who is the scribe?

  17. TranslationAnalogy Who is the chef?

  18. Fig. 17.25

  19. mRNA’s from 5 genes in fruit-fly embryoWhy isn’t every gene expressed in every cell?

  20. Fig. 18.6Gene Regulation=Controlling if a gene makes a functional product (protein) or not

  21. DNA methylationpg. 358 CH3

  22. http://cnx.org/content/m26565/latest/graphics35.jpg Euchromatin and Heterochromatin

  23. Fig. 18.10

  24. Fig. 18.11

  25. Fig. 18.13

  26. Diagram meiosis of the X and Y chromosomes in spermatogenesis… Start with a G1 cell.

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