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140mic General Microbiology

Learn about the grouping of microorganisms into kingdoms based on cell type, number, and feeding type. Explore examples of bacteria, fungi, algae, and lichens.

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140mic General Microbiology

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  1. 140micGeneral Microbiology Madeha Al-Onazi

  2. LAB 8 (Microorganisms)

  3. - Grouping of organisms into kingdoms is based on 3 factors : 1- Cell Type (prokyotic or eukaryotic) 2- Cell Number (unicellular or multicellular) 3- Feeding Type (autotroph or heterotroph)

  4. 1st : Cell Type - The presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall.

  5. 2nd : Cell Number Cell Number Unicellular Single celled organism. - Protozoans - bacteria - some algae Multicellular Many celled organism. cells start to specialize/differentiate

  6. 3rd : Feeding Type

  7. 1st : Monera Kingdome (Bacteria) Bacteria Nutrition Autotrophic Mutualism Pathogenic Parasitic Opportunistic Heterotrophic Commensalism Saprophytic

  8. -Bacterial Morphology-Aggregation System:Mono –Diplo –Strepto –Staphylo Bacteria

  9. 1. Cocci

  10. For Example : Staphylococcus aureus Shape : cocci Arrangement : cluster (staph) Reaction with gram stain : Positive (purple). Disease : skin infection.

  11. 2-Bacilli

  12. For Example : Yersinia pestis Shape : rod (coccobacilli) Arrangement : bipolar Reaction with gram stain : Negative (red). Disease : Plaque

  13. For Example : Escherichia coli Shape : rod (coccobacilli) Arrangement : single Reaction with gram stain : Negative (red). Disease : coliform bacteria

  14. For Example : Bacillus anthracis Shape : bacilli Arrangement : chain (strep) Reaction with gram stain : Positive (purple). Disease : anthrax

  15. 3. Spirillum

  16. For Example : Vibrio cholera Shape : spirillum (comma shape) Arrangement : single Reaction with gram stain : Negative (red). Disease : cholera

  17. For Example : Treponema pallidum Shape : spirochete Arrangement : single Reaction with gram stain : Negative (red). Disease: syphilis

  18. 4. Filamentous (Actinomycetes) Branch bacilli Nocardia sp. Arrangement : single Reaction with gram stain : Positive (purple).

  19. Motility of Bacteria Non-motile such as the most of cocci. • Motile, with two way : 1. Flagella → E. coli 2. Gliding → Myxobacteria

  20. Types of Flagellum

  21. 2nd : Fungi Kingdome • All fungi are eukaryotic • They may be: - Unicellular → yeast - Multicellular → mushroom • All fungi have a cell wall

  22. Zygomycete Rhizopus sp. classified by how they reproduce Pnecilliumnutatum Aspergillus niger Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ascomycete Basidiomycete Agaricus sp. Deuteromycete Fusarium sp.

  23. Rhizopus sp.

  24. Aspergillus sp

  25. Pnecilliumsp

  26. Saccharomyces sp

  27. Agaricussp

  28. 3rd : Protista Kingdome (Algae) • Thallus. • Contains Chlorophyll and other pigments. • Autotrophs

  29. Where can Algae live ? • Soil → Nostoc sp. • Sea water → Diatoms • Fresh water → Volvox sp

  30. Unicellular algae Chlamydomonas sp. Structure Spirogyra sp. Filamentous Algae Algal colonies Volvox sp.

  31. Chlamydomonas sp.

  32. Algae Classification 1- Cyanophyta 2- Cholorophyta 3- Phaeophyta 4- Rhodophyta 5- Chrysophyta 6- Euglenophyta 7- Diatoms

  33. 1. Cyanophyta ( Nostoc sp.)

  34. 2. Chlorophyta ( Spirogyra sp.)

  35. Chlorophyta ( Volvox sp.)

  36. 3-Phaeophyta ( Fucus sp.)

  37. Euglenophyta ( Euglena sp.)

  38. 4th : Lichens A composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of a fungus in a symbiotic relationship.

  39. Types of Lichens e.g. Caloplaca sp.

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