Anticipatory Set

1. Anticipatory Set • Read the quote from David McCullough – mark any phrases or words that stand out for you • Think about what is important about what he says – write down your thinking about what he said. • Author Says/I Say group processings • Three pairings. • Here’s Life in the Past Lane!

2. Historical Thinking • Brochure • Events can be viewed from the perspectives of a Historian, an Economist, a Geographer, or a Political Scientist (others, too) • Each asks a specific kind of question. Consider these questions when developing your unit plan.

3. QAR Question/Answer Relationship Strategy for Reading Informational Text

4. Why use QAR? • Helps students relate prior knowledge to new textual information. • Helps students to become aware of the relationship between questions and their answers. • Helps students know the different types of questions. • Helps students to analyze, comprehend, and respond to text concepts.

6. Types of Questions/Answers • In the Book • Right There! answers may be one word, one phrase, one sentence (text explicit - literal) • In what years did Lewis and Clark travel in the west? • Think and Search answers will be found in more than one place and will be combined to form the final answer. (text implicit) • Why would it be a difficult task to study a snow leopard?

7. Types of Questions/Answers • In My Head • Author and Me answers will will use what the author has said in the text along with the reader’s prior knowledge and experiences • Why might enslaved people in the South be excited by the stories about Tice Davis? • On My Own answers will be based on the reader’s understandings, opinions, values, experiences. I may not need to read to answer. (script implicit) • What qualities might a school district look for in a new teacher?

8. York, A Little Known Black Hero • York, A Little Known Black Hero. By Ann Keefe • Cobblestone Magazine, "The Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1804 - 1806" • Read the article, York, A Little Known Black Hero. By Ann Keefe, and answer the following questions. Remember to consider the Question and Answer Relationships.

9. What kinds of questions are these? • From what document do we find out about York? • Who do you think was the author of York's adventures in this original document? • What were some of the hardships that the explorers suffered on their journey? • Why is it important to share the stories of men like York with modern Americans? • What modern hardships do people have to endure?

10. What kinds of questions are these? • From what document do we find out about York? RT • Who do you think was the author of York's adventures in this original document? AM • What were some of the hardships that the explorers suffered on their journey? TS • Why is it important to share the stories of men like York with modern Americans? OO • What modern hardships do people have to endure? OO

11. What kinds of questions are these? • What made York a valuable member of the Lewis & Clark journey? • "We can tell a lot about a person by what is not said." This is a statement from the story. What does it mean • What items did York use to trade for food to get the expedition over the Rockies? • Would a journey like this interest you if you were a slave and you knew you could earn your freedom at the end? Why or why not? • What incident in the story shows that even a hero can make mistakes?

12. What kinds of questions are these? • What made York a valuable member of the Lewis & Clark journey? TS • "We can tell a lot about a person by what is not said." This is a statement from the story. What does it mean? AM/OO • What items did York use to trade for food to get the expedition over the Rockies? TS • Would a journey like this interest you if you were a slave and you knew you could earn your freedom at the end? Why or why not? OO • What incident in the story shows that even a hero can make mistakes? RT

13. How to implement • Students need to be taught the four types of questions in a structured teacher-led session. • Students need to be “gradually released” to do this kind of work. (What is Gradual Release??) • After reading, viewing, or listening to text, students will answer teacher-prepared questions OR • Students may work in small groups to write questions about the material, then trade with another group, who will answer their questions.

14. Possible use in your unit… • Find and print an article as part of your unit design for one of the GLCEs. These can be from a magazine (Cobblestone, MI History for Kids, Faces), textbook (History Alive), or from a reliable internet site (PBS, Library of Congress, a museum, etc.) • Write questions: Right There, Think and Search, Author and Me, and On your Own • Use to teach the content of one of your GLCEs. • Write it up as an Instructional Strategy for your Weebly.

15. Write a RAFT • R = Role: William Clark or York • A = Audience: Folks back East • F = Format: Newspaper Headline • T = Topic: Conditions on the Expedition Example: Frostbite to Mosquito Bite: Hardships Galore!

16. Artifacts Activity • You will receive a bag and in this bag are 3-4 ‘primary source’ artifacts. • These are the kinds of things that might be uncovered in an archaeological dig. • Archaeologists and other historians would use these artifacts to tell a story about the person or culture who may have used them. • As you CAREFULLY remove the items one at a time from the bag, consider the following questions…

17. Questions to Consider • Look at this artifact from every angle. • Does it have any identifying marks on it? • From what material is this object made? • How do you think it was used? • Does it look like anything used today? • Who might have used this artifact? • What do you think it is?

18. What’s new with Literature Circles for Informational Text? • When you think about literature circles, what words / phrases come to mind?

19. What’s New with Literature Circles? Harvey Daniels, 2008 1. De-emphasis on role sheets. Instead, capturing kids’ responses using post-it notes, text annotation, bookmarks, journals. 2. More use of drawn or graphic responses to text. 3. More explicit teaching of social skills (Minilessons for Literature Circles, Daniels and Steineke, 2004). 4. Not just novels. More use of short text – stories, poems, articles, charts, graphs, cartoons. 5. More nonfiction text, from articles through adult trade books.

20. What’s New with Literature Circles? Harvey Daniels, 2008 6. Reaching out across the curriculum: book clubs in science, social studies, etc. 7. Sparking or supplementing out-loud discussion with written conversations. 8. Multi-text Literature Circles (jigsawed text sets, theme sets (Richison et al, 2004), multigenre inquiries). 9. New forms of assessment. Fewer reports and book talks. More performances (reader’s theater, tableaux, found poetry, song lyrics, etc). 10. Moving from books to topics. From Literature Circles to broader Inquiry Groups (see Stephanie Harvey’s Nonfiction Matters (Stenhouse, 2000) and the forthcoming Kids Want to Know: From Literature Circles to Inquiry Groups by Stephanie Harvey and Harvey Daniels (Heinemann, Fall 2008).

21. Nonfiction “Literature Circle” • Groups of Four (or Five) -( think about how many students you have and how many articles you were able to obtain.) • Talk briefly about “Ancient Egypt” What do you know?

22. Procedure • Reading: Each person in your group is reading something different, but related. • Silently read your article, and mark words, lines, or sections of the text that “stick out” for you. Consider: thoughts and responses to this article, reminders of your past experiences, people, or events in your own education, events currently in the news, or in other materials you have read. Did you learn something?

23. Sharing your Thinking Each person takes one to two minutes (no more) to give the group a brief summary and a personal reaction to their article. Don’t just read them the article – talk about it and what connections it brings to your mind. Make it meaningful for your group.

24. Group Reactions / Connections • What were your thoughts and responses to this article? • Did you learn something? Would your students? • Did it remind you of past experiences, people, or events in your classroom/your education? • Did it make you think of anything happening in the news, or in other materials you have read?

25. Writing response: What is the value of non-fiction literature circles?

26. Art and History Historical Perspective through Artistic Representation

27. Boston Massacre Provide a variety of art From the Era or event you are studying. Procedure

28. In small groups of 3 or 4, students will look carefully at the artwork or photo. • They will write down 10 observations of the piece, answering the question, “What do you see?” • They will then write 10 questions that they would want answered about the work. 10 by 10

29. Something about: • The event • The perspective or viewpoint • The mood • The people • The era • The weather • The … what else? Questions you may Consider

30. So, that was the teacher giving the procedure Let’s do one together: • 5 observations of the piece, answering the question, “What do you see?” • 5 questions that you would want answered about the work. Gradual Release

31. Painting 10 by 10

32. OK, so what can you say about this painting, solely based on your observations and questions? What can you say about this method for beginning the study of a historical event? Response sheet: Share your ideas… Processing

33. Taking it Forward – a Write-Around • We have learned about the following strategies for engaging our students in learning history this week: • QAR • RAFT • Artifacts/Realia • Informational Text Circles • Art and History – 10X10 • Write about the ones that most excite you or interest you for use in your future classroom.

34. Primary v. Secondary Sources Ways we study history

35. Primary Sources • First-hand accounts • Journals, diaries, letters, calendars • Photographs of the event (untouched!) • Autobiography (perspective) • Artifacts/Realia • Fossils • Artwork, music from an era • Speech scripts

36. Secondary Sources • Interviews • Artistic depiction • Texts • Scholarly works • Timelines • Encyclopaedic volumes/sites

37. What Else is There? • Check out Bb – Course Resources: History folder for these and others: • Simulations (Kings M&Ms, Oregon Trail, many others) • DBQ (Would you have stayed at Valley Forge? And many others) • Dr. Haight’sppt on Slavery in the World • Henry’s Freedom Box (Differentiated Instruction) • Historical Truth (Pairing Historical Fiction and Informational Text) • Lumbering Unit, Cotton Lesson, Immigration plan

38. Remember: • You said you didn’t want to teach Social Studies like the uninspired teachers you’ve had, and more like the ones who made it interesting. The strategies you’ve experienced today and resources at your fingertips in Bb will help you with this goal…best of luck! • We didn’t start the fire… • Have a great weekend!