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Digestants & Drugs Affecting Gallbladder

Digestants & Drugs Affecting Gallbladder. Promote the process of digestion in GI tract pancrealipase (Pancrease) - contains digestive enzymes Side effect: nausea, abd. cramps, & loose stools Take before or with meals ursodiol (Actigall) dissolves radiolucent noncalcified gallstones

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Digestants & Drugs Affecting Gallbladder

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  1. Digestants & Drugs Affecting Gallbladder Promote the process of digestion in GI tract pancrealipase (Pancrease) - contains digestive enzymes Side effect: nausea, abd. cramps, & loose stools Take before or with meals ursodiol (Actigall) dissolves radiolucent noncalcified gallstones Side effect: N & V

  2. Antacids • Drugs that buffer, neutralize or absorb hydrochloric acid in the stomach • Should be taken 1 hour after meals & @ bedtime • Watch for drug interactions • Magnesium (MOM) - diarrhea • Aluminum carbonate (Amphojel) - constipation • Maalox (aluminum hydroxide with & magnesium)

  3. Peptic Ulcer Treatment • Multi-drug treatment • Usually 2 antibiotics & a proton pump inhibitor or histamine blocking agent & then add bismuth subsalicylate - Pepto-Bismol

  4. Cytoprotective Agents • Sucralfate (Carafate) – tx duodenal ulcer • forms a protective, acid-resistant shield in the ulcer crater • give one hour before meals & at bedtime • Do Not Chew the Tablet • Administer antacids within 30 minutes before or after • Side effect: constipation

  5. Proton Pump Inhibitors • Blocks the final step of acid production – decreases acid production • lansoprazole (Prevacid): side effect/diarrhea • omeprazole (Prilosec): side effect/diarrhea & headache • Swallow capsule whole & take before meals • Tx GERD, gastric ulcer, H. pylori

  6. H2 Receptor Antagonists • Activation of H2 receptors increases gastric acid secretion so these drugs block this activation • cimetidine (Tagamet) – tx peptic & duodenal ulcer, GERD, hypersecretory conditions – generally well tolerated drug • ranitidine (Zantac) • famotidine (Pepcid) • nizatidine (Axid)

  7. Antiflatulents • Simethicone (Mylicon) • Defoaming agent- causes gas bubbles to unite • Relieves flatulence by dispensing and preventing the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the GI tract

  8. Gastrointestinal Stimulant • Increases ACH – increases peristalsis – tx diabetic gastric stasis • antiemetic • Metoclopramide (Reglan) • AE – drowsiness & depression & Parkinson-like symptoms • When to give

  9. Antiemtics • Prevent or relieve N & V, used with chemotherapy & postop • May exert effect on vomiting center, cerebral cortex, chemoreceptors trigger zone or vestibular apparatus • Side effect: headache, constipation & malaise • ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran)

  10. Laxatives • Do not give with undiagnosed abdominal pain • Better to treat with increase fluids, vegetables, fruits & bran products • Laxative abuse • Saline (MOM) • Stimulant (Dulcolax, Ex-Lax) • Bulk Forming (Metamucil)

  11. Laxatives (cont.) • Lubricant (Mineral Oil) • Stool Softener (Colace) • Hyperosmotic (Lactulose & GoLYTELY)

  12. Antidiarrheal Agents • Adsorbents: coats wall of GI tract, absorb bacteria or toxins causing the diarrhea & passing then out with stool (Kaopectate) • Pepto-Bismol - promotes absorption of fluids & has antimicrobial effect • diphenoxylate HCL with Atropine (Lomotil), “synthetic narcotic”, meperedine

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