Social Studies 8

1. Social Studies 8 Chapter 4:The Exchange of Ideas

2. Political and Religious Leadership • Our primary Inquiry Question is: • How did the Renaissance spark the growth and exchange of ideas across Europe?

4. Political and Religious Leadership • What role to leaders play in changing or maintaining worldview? • Religious • Political • Cultural

6. Political and Religious Leadership • What is the best way to rule? • Should there be a strong leader to bring stability and security at the expense of freedom? • Or should there be an open system that allows people to be free?

8. Political and Religious Leadership • Born into Leadership • Read the story of Isabella D’Este on page 88. • What are the advantages to having a system of hereditary rule? • What are the disadvantages?

9. Political and Religious Leadership • The Scientific Ruler • Turn to page 89 • Read the first two paragraphs • Why would Machiavelli begin to question hereditary rule at this time? • Exploring Sources

10. Political and Religious Leadership • Changing Leadership in the Church • Have you ever been disappointed by the words and actions of a person you believed in? • People in the Renaissance were often disappointed with their leaders.

11. Political and Religious Leadership • During the Middle Ages and Renaissance the Catholic Church was the most powerful institution in Europe. • The Church did not only exercise power in religious aspects of society but in social, political, and economic aspects as well.

12. Political and Religious Leadership • Some church leaders abused their power and used it for their own personal gain. • Can you think of an example where this has happened today? • How do you think society would react to this kind of corruption?

13. Political and Religious Leadership • Girolamo Savonarola • A monk who dedicated his life to fighting corruption • Contrary to his oath he spoke against the Pope. • “Bonfire of the Vanities”

15. Political and Religious Leadership • For his actions he was Excommunicated • In 1498 he was tried for heresy and executed. • Turn to page 93 and read the “Exploring Sources” section.

16. Political and Religious Leadership • Martin Luther • A German monk who began to study the Bible for himself very carefully (Humanism?) • Concluded that the Bible (not the Church) should be a Christians spiritual guide.

17. Political and Religious Leadership • How does the methods and views of Luther reflect the idea of individualism? • Luther was also upset with the wealth of the church. • Indulgences • Ninety-five Theses

18. Political and Religious Leadership • The Protestant Reformation • “Protestant” literally means “to protest” • Luther was excommunicated and many of his fellow Germans followed him. • Lutheran Church

19. Political and Religious Leadership • Other churches formed but they all protested against the refusal of the Catholic Church to ‘reform’ • Hence the term ‘reformation’ • Turn to page 95 and read ‘Exploring Sources’

20. Political and Religious Leadership • The Catholic Counter-Reformation • The Catholic Church lost a great deal of power and authority because of the protestants. • Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent where moves were made to end corruption in the church.

21. Political and Religious Leadership • How does the Reformation and Counter-reformation reflect the changes that are taking place in Renaissance society? • How have these changes impacted our society today?

22. Political and Religious Leadership • Turn to page 96 and look at the “Fast Forward” section.