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Grounding FTTH Systems at the Home

Grounding FTTH Systems at the Home. May 8 , 2012 Presented by: Dean L. Mischke, P.E. Finley Engineering Company, Inc . Disclaimer. The following presentation is the opinion of Dean Mischke and has not been verified with NFPA or IEEE . Reference Materials.

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Grounding FTTH Systems at the Home

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  1. Grounding FTTH Systems at the Home May 8, 2012 Presented by: Dean L. Mischke, P.E. Finley Engineering Company, Inc.

  2. Disclaimer • The following presentation is the opinion of Dean Mischke and has not been verified with NFPA or IEEE.

  3. Reference Materials • 2012 National Electric Safety Code (C2-2012 NESC) • Administered by IEEE • Approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • Covers Distribution Network • New Edition every 5 years (next one due 2017) • http://standards.ieee.org/about/nesc/

  4. Reference Materials • 2011 National Electric Code (NEC) • Administrated by National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) • Covers Premise Wiring • New Edition every 3 years • Read the 2011 NEC online at: http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=70 View the document online (read only) View the 2011 edition online

  5. Reference Materials • RUS 1751F-802 Electrical Protection Grounding Fundamentals (1994) • RUS 1751F-805 Electrical Protection at Customer Locations • RUS 1751F-815 Electrical Protection of Outside Plant

  6. Purpose of Grounding and Bonding • Primary function of grounding and bonding is the protection of the customer and maintenance personnel from lightning, induced voltages, or direct contact with electrical supply circuits. • Secondary Function of grounding and bonding is to reduce the amount of damage the communication facilities from lightning, induced voltages, or direct contact with electrical supply circuits. • Finally, to comply with NEC and NESC.

  7. OSP Grounding & Bonding Issues: NESC Section 2 Definitions • Effective ground/effectively grounded: Bonded to an effectively grounded neutral conductor or to a grounding system designed to minimize hazard to personnel and having resistance to ground low enough to permit prompt operation of circuit protection devices. • Restricted Access: Where exclusive control is maintained.

  8. OSP Grounding & Bonding Issues: NESC Section 9 Grounding methods for electrical supply and communications facilities • Rule 099 Additional Requirements for Communications Apparatus B. The Communications grounding conductor shall not be less than #6 AWG; however, owner preference may be larger C. Bonds between communication ground rods and electrical supply neutral rods shall not be required to be greater than #6 AWG

  9. Important Sections of National Electric Code (NEC) • Article 90 Introduction • Article 100 Definitions • Article 250 Grounding and Bonding • Article 480 Storage Batteries • Article 770 Optical Fiber Cables and Raceways • Article 800 Communications Circuits • Article 820 Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution Systems • Article 830 Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems • Article 840 Premise-Powered Broadband Communications Systems

  10. Bonding Conductor Term Change in NEC • The term Grounding Conductor has been replaced by Bonding Conductoror Grounding Electrode Conductorwhere applicable

  11. Bonding Conductor Term Change in NEC

  12. Bonding Conductor Term Change in NEC

  13. Copper Communication Circuits within Buildings • Copper Communication Circuits are defined as low voltage communication circuits including voice, audio, video, data, interactive services, alarm, etc. • The rules governing copper communications circuits are dependant on how the service is derived: • If the service is derived from another building, Article 800 • If the service is derived from a Network Powered fiber-fed device, Article 830 • If the service is derived from a Premise Powered fiber-fed device, Article 840

  14. NEC Article 830Network Powered Broadband Systems • Article 830 covers Coaxial Cable powered broadband systems, composite coaxial and twisted pair, or composite fiber with conductors with power. • In summary all of the previous rules apply for metallic cable entering the building • Services voice/data and video must comply with rules in Articles 770, 800, and 820 • Introduces the Network Interface Unit (NIU) as the device that derives the component voice, data, and video signals at the premise. • Power Limitations are specified in 830.15(1) and (2) and Table 830.15 (see next slide) • Medium power systems entering the building shall use Type BMU, BM, or BMR Cable 830.40(A) • Low power systems entering the building shall uses Type BLU or BLX cables or approves substitutions in Table 830.154(b) 830.40(B)

  15. NEC Article 830Network Powered Broadband Systems

  16. NEC Article 830Network Powered Broadband Systems 1Vmax, Imax, and VAmax are determined with the current-limiting impedance in the circuit (not bypassed) as follows: Vmax—Maximum system voltage regardless of load with rated input applied. Imax—Maximum system current under any noncapacitive load, including short circuit, and with overcurrent protection bypassed if used. Imax limits apply after 1 minute of operation. VAmax—Maximum volt-ampere output after 1 minute of operation regardless of load and overcurrent protection bypassed if used. 2Overcurrent protection is not required where the current-limiting device provides equivalent current limitation and the current-limiting device does not reset until power or the load is removed.

  17. NEC Article 840Premise Powered Broadband Systems • Article 840 is new for 2011 and covers premise-powered optical fiber broadband systems that provides any combination of voice, video, data, and interactive services through an ONT. • The Article becomes the starting point for communications circuits derived from premise-powered, fiber-fed ONTs. • Introduces the Optical Network Terminal (ONT) as the device that derives the component voice, data, and video signals at the premise.

  18. NEC Article 840Premise Powered Broadband Systems • Article 840: Definition of exterior or interior rated ONT • All exterior ONTs are required to be grounded/bonded as per the requirements of their UL listing • This applies regardless if the ONT is installed indoors or outdoors • Interior ONTs typically do not require to be grounded/bonded per the requirements of their UL listing • I am not aware of any indoor ONTs that can be installed outdoors

  19. NEC Article 840Premise Powered Broadband Systems • Article 840.100 ONT and Fiber Cable Grounding • Services voice/data and video must comply with rules in Articles 770.100 for the fiber, 800.100 for the copper communications cables, and 820.100 for the coaxial cables

  20. NEC Article 770Fiber Optic Cable within Buildings • Article 770 Scope: Applies to the installation of fiber optical cable, raceways, and optical cable assemblies • Conductive Fiber Optic Cable: A factory assembly under an overall covering comprised with non-metallic and metallic non-current carrying members (metallic sheath or strength members) 770.2 • Non-Conductive Fiber Optic Cable: A factory assembly under an overall covering that is comprised entirely of non-conductive members 770.2 • Composite cables (copper conductors under the same sheath of optical fibers) shall be classified in accordance of the type of electrical conductors 770.3(B)

  21. NEC Article 770Fiber Optic Cable within Buildings • Article 770.48 Unlisted Cables Entering Buildings • Conductive and Non-Conductive fiber optic cable may be installed in building spaces other than risers, ducts used for environmental air, plenum used for environmental air (some building code inspectors include in this definition any suspended ceiling with ducted air) must terminate within 50’ from the point of entry 770.48(A) The point of entrance is defined in 770.2 as the emergence through: • Exterior wall • Concrete floor slab • Rigid Metal Conduit (must run to exterior wall) • Intermediate Metal Conduit (must run to exterior wall)

  22. NEC Article 770Fiber Optic Cable within Buildings • Article 770.48 Unlisted Cables Entering Buildings • Unlisted Non-Conductive fiber optic cable may be installed in raceway as long as the raceway complies with • Article 342 Intermediate Metallic Conduit, Type IMC • Article 344 Rigid Metal Conduit, Type RMC • Article 352 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit, Type PVC • Article 358 Electrical Metallic Tubing, Type EMT

  23. NEC Article 770Fiber Optic Cable within Buildings • Article 770.93 Grounding or Interruption of Non-Current Carrying Metallic Members of Fiber Optic Cable • Entering Buildings: Cable exposed to contact with electric light or power conductors shall be either grounded as specified in Article 770.100 or interrupted by an insulating joint as soon as possible at the point of entry. 770.93(A) • Terminating On The Outside of a Building: Cable exposed to contact with electric light or power conductors shall be either grounded as specified in Article 770.100 or interrupted by an insulating joint as soon as possible at the point of termination. 770.93(B)

  24. NEC Article 770Fiber Optic Cable within Buildings • Article 770.100 Grounding of Non-Current Carrying Metallic Members of Fiber Optic Cable • Bonding Conductor or Electrode Grounding Conductor shall be • listed and shall be either insulated covered, or bare 770.100(A)(1) • Minimum size of 14 AWG and shall not be required to be larger than #6 AWG (Note the 2012 NESC calls for a # 6 AWG in all cases, given the conflict, it will be best to standardize on the # 6) • Run in a straight line • Must be done in accordance to Article 250 • Protected from damage • See Bonding and Grounding in Article 800

  25. NEC Article 800Copper Cable within Buildings • Article 800.100 Cable and Primary Protector Grounding. The metallic member(s) of the cable sheath, were required by Section 800-93, and primary protectors shall be grounded as specified in (a) though (d) a. Grounding Conductor. The grounding conductor shall be 800.100(A) 1. Listed and insulated, covered, or bare 2. Copper or other corrosion-resistant conductor, solid or stranded. 3. Size shall not be less that the current carrying capacity of the sheath or current carrying conductors but not less than 14 AWG and shall not be required to exceed #6 AWG (Note the 2012 NESC will call for a # 6 in all cases. In addition, RUS also calls for an insulated #6)) 4. Length of less than 20 feet. Runs greater than 20 feet require a ground rod as identified in 800.100(B)(2) and bonded to the service entrance ground rod with a #6 conductor as specified in 800.100(D). 5. Run in a straight line. 6. Protected from damage

  26. NEC Article 800Copper Cable within Buildings • Article 800.100 Continued b. Electrode. The grounding electrode shall be connected as follows 800.100(B) 1. To the nearest accessible location on the following: a. The building structural grounding electrode system as covered in Section 250.50 b. The power service accessible means external to enclosures as covered in Section 250.94 Exception c. Metallic service raceway e. The service equipment enclosure f. The grounding electrode conductor or the grounding electrode conductor metal enclosure of the power system g. To the grounding conductor or the grounding electrode of a building or structure disconnecting means that is grounded to an electrode as covered in Section 250.32.

  27. NEC Article 800Copper Cable within Buildings Article 800.100 Continued C. Electrode Connection. Connections to grounding electrodes shall comply with Section 250.70 D. Bonding of Electrodes. A bonding jumper not smaller than # 6AWG shall be connected between the communications grounding electrode and power grounding electrode system. Exception for Mobile Homes see 800.106

  28. NEC Article 800How Many Ground Rods?? 800.100(A)(4) sets maximum length to 20’ The Exception allows for a communications ground rod, then bonding as specified in 800.100(D) 800.100(D) in essence states that you must bond with a #6 AWG with no reference for additional ground rods Grounding Conductor Grounding Conductor 100’ Bonding Conductor

  29. NEC Article 800 Reference to Article 250.70Copper Cable within Buildings • Article 250.70 Methods of Grounding Conductor Connection to Electrodes: The grounding conductor shall be connected to the grounding electrode by • exothermic welding • listed lugs, pressure connectors, clamps, or other listed means. • Connections depending on solder shall not be used. • Grounding clamps shall be listed for the materials in the grounding electrode and grounding electrode. • Clamps in contact with the soil shall be rated for direct burial. • No more than 1 conductor per clamp unless the clamp is listed for more conductors.

  30. NEC Article 820Coax Cable within Buildings • Article 820 covers Coaxial Cable providing a CATV type service wiring within the building. • In summary all of the previous rules apply for shielded cable entering the building • Coaxial cable must have a primary protector and be grounded and bonded as described in the pervious sections if the cable is attached to the outside of the building or leaves the building 820.93 • New for 2011, for coaxial cable that does not leave the building, Article 820.100 Exception allows the cable to be grounded from the equipment; however, the equipment must be grounded to a grounded receptacle that has a dedicated grounding conductor. A cord and plug is not acceptable. The net result of this code is that none of the ONTs are provisioned to accept this kind of ground so a coaxial ground is still required.

  31. NEC Article 840Premise Powered Broadband Systems • Article 840.101 Premise Circuits Not Leaving the Building: Where the ONT is served by a nonconductive fiber optic cable or where the metallic non-current carrying elements are interrupted by an insulating joint or equivalent device, and the ONT and it’s circuits are entirely contained within the building. • Almost impossible to assure that wiring will always remain in building • Is wiring under vinyl siding still contained within the building?

  32. NEC Article 840Premise Powered Broadband Systems • Article 840.101 Premise Circuits Not Leaving the Building: Continued • Communication Circuit Grounding is not required 840.101(B) • If the communication circuit goes to the outside of the building, then Article 840.90, which references Article 800.90 will apply. • If the circuit stays under the requirements in Article 800.90 Informational Notes (1-3), then the circuit does not need primary protection

  33. NEC Article 840Premise Powered Broadband Systems • Article 840.101 Premise Circuits Not Leaving the Building: Continued • ONT Grounding: The ONT is not required to be grounded unless required as part of it’s UL listing. If the coaxial cable is used and it is grounded as described in 840.101(A)(1) or 840.101(A)(2), the ONT can be connected with a plug and cord 840.101(C) • Where required to be grounded and the ONT is grounded to a receptacle, the size of the grounding conductor is specified in specified in 250.122

  34. NEC Article 840Copper Cable within Buildings • Article 840.106 Primary Protector Grounding and Bonding at Mobile Homes (A) Grounding: (1) If there is no electrical service entrance located within 30 ft. of the exterior wall of the mobile home it serves, the ONT, if required to be grounded, shall be connected to a grounding electrode conductor or grounding electrode in accordance with 840.100 (2) Where there is no mobile home disconnecting means grounded in accordance with 250.32 and located within 30 ft. of the exterior wall of the mobile home it serves, the ONT, if required to be grounded, shall be connected to a grounding electrode in accordance with 800.100(B)(3).

  35. NEC Article 840Copper Cable within Buildings • Article 840.106 Primary Protector Grounding and Bonding at Mobile Homes (B) The ONT grounding terminal or grounding electrode shall be connected to the metal frame or available grounding terminal of the mobile home with a copper conductor not smaller than # 6 AWG under any of the following conditions. (1) Where there is no mobile home service disconnecting means as in 840.106(A) (2) When the mobile home is supplied by a cord and plug.

  36. Ground Clamps Clamps designed to clamp on the outside of the meter box may be not approved in your area.

  37. Ground Clamps Clamp designed to Screw on to the Front Cover of a Service Entrance Box. It is UL Listed I recommend that you do not allow this clamp. The notes for NEC 800.100(B)(2) specifically state that the bonding device is not allowed to connect to any removable part and cannot be installed on the door or cover, even if it is not removable.

  38. Customer Premise Grounding & Bonding Issues:General Recommendations • Make all attempts to ground the communication system with a insulated #6 AWG conductor in order of preference as follows: 1. Clamp to the service entrance grounding electrode conductor or ground rod. Note: You cannot cut the service grounding conductor to install your ground!! 2. Clamp to the metal aerial or buried electrical service entrance mast. Clean contact points down to bare metal to insure a good ground. Repaint if required after the clamp is in place. 3. Clamp to the service entrance box inside the premise.

  39. Customer Premise Grounding & Bonding Issues:General Recommendations • Do Not use the following: 1. Exposed Conduit or copper water pipe: With the increasing use of plastic in the electrical and plumbing industry, neither grounding point can provide a reliable ground reference. While the ground may work today, there is no assurance that plastic will not be used in the future breaking the communication ground path. • Always place a permanent tag at the point connection with the electrical ground. The tag should contain the following: 1. “Communication Ground Do Not Remove” 2. Company Name 3. Trouble Report Telephone Number • Bond the sheath at the pedestal and customer premise • For Off-Premise Extensions, bond the sheath at the initial protector. Isolate the sheath at the outbuilding. The protector should be grounded to the electrical service of the out building.

  40. OSP Grounding & Bonding Issues: Recommendations for Fiber Optic Dielectric Cable or Dielectric Cable with a 26 AWG Trace Wire • Background: RUS will publish their rules for grounding and bonding a 26 AWG trace wire in 2012. While the rules are not formal, they most likely will read in essence: “As per the requirement of the Engineer and in accordance with the NECS and NEC.” • The NESC does not address the trace wire directly. By general description, a trace wire is considered a current carrying conductor. • The plant side of a drop falls under the NESC.

  41. OSP Grounding & Bonding Issues: Recommendations for Fiber Optic Dielectric Cable or Dielectric Cable with a 26 AWG Trace Wire • Dielectric OSP cable does not have to be grounded. • Per 770.93, you can isolate the trace wire instead of grounding • Dielectric OSP cable with 26 AWG Trace Wire should be grounded as follows: • Only one end of the trace wire should be grounded. • If both ends are grounded, it is a certainty that the trace wire will be destroyed due to lightening and it will be impossible to locate the cable. • The Owner/Engineer should designate which pedestal the one end of the trace wire will be grounded (all even pedestals will be grounded, etc.)

  42. ONT Grounding Matrix

  43. ONTB2

  44. ONTB3

  45. ONTB4

  46. ONTB5

  47. ONTB6

  48. ONTB7

  49. ONTB8

  50. Thank you ? ? ? ? Dean L. Mischke, P.E., V.P. d.mischke@fecinc.com 715-930-7255

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