The SNCC

1. The SNCC BY: ALMA MARIN

2. Introduction • The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee or the SNCC was organized to help coordinate sit-ins, freedom rides, and many other civil rights events. • It was organized in 1960 at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina.

3. Introduction • It started in the mid 1960’s and ended in the mid 1970’s • Ella Baker organized the first meeting which led to the formation of the SNCC • Ella Baker was an official of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference or the SCLC • The SNCC consisted of college students • Also in the SNCC was Martin Luther King Jr. who served as an advisory role.

4. “Freedom Rides” • Marion Barry was the first chairman of the SNCC • In 1961 it became involved in the “Freedom Rides” which set out to desegregate buses • When the “Freedom Rides” was coming to an end, members of the SNCC decided to continue the rides where CORE ( Congress Of Racial Equality) had left off.

5. “Mississippi Freedom Summer” • The SNCC also participated in the 1964 “Mississippi Freedom Summer” which was a a voter registration • Today, in the USA, a citizen of any race can vote by simply filling out a registration form • But in the 1960’s, blacks in the South were not permitted to vote or even register to vote

6. “Mississippi Freedom Summer” • Even though the 15th Amendment guaranteed all citizens the right to vote, despite of race, southern blacks usually had to face poll taxes and literacy tests • A black would get fired from their job if they attempted to register to vote, their “boss” would know if they registered by they would post all the blacks names on the newspaper.

7. Freedom Summer Project • The SNCC joined forces with “Mississippi Freedom Summer” or the “Freedom Summer Project” because of Bob Moses, who was a student of the SNCC • The Council of Federated Organizations, also helped comprised of Mississippi civil rights groups • They began to plan a campaign to end discriminatory voter registration practices. Poll taxes were no longer a major concern, since on January 23, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson had signed into law the 24th Amendment, which abolished poll taxes for elections of federal officials.

8. “BLACK POWER” • The SNCC was influenced by Christian principles, black and white activists • Some members began to challenge these views. • In the mid-1960s, they were busy because of debates and became influenced by Marxism and Black Nationalism .

9. “BLACK POWER” • This term was related with racial pride, black unity, self-defense, and political and economic power. • In 1966 Stokely Carmichael was the new chairman of the SNCC. He began to move the SNCC away from passivism and more toward militancy and Black Nationalism.

10. “Black Power” • It was during this demonstration that Carmichael began to use the term publically. King opposed the use of the term.

11. “BLACK POWER” • The Mississippi March Against Fear was the first public signs of this. • During this the SNCC and SCLC joint demonstration on behalf of James Meredith, Martin Luther King and Stokley Carmichael debated strongly about “Black Power”

12. The Meredith Mississippi March • The Meredith Mississippi March got its name from James Meredith, who became the first black student to attend the University of Mississippi in 1962 • On June 5, 1966, Meredith, and others began a walk from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi to encourage African Americans to register and vote. He called it a “March Against Fear." • On June 6 he got shot • The next day, Dr. Martin Luther King from the SCLC , Floyd McKissick from CORE and Stokely Carmichael from the SNCC, announced that they would continue his march • For almost three weeks, thousands of people walked the 220 miles to the state capitol. They camped out at night under rented circus tents • After asking federal registrers to be sent to Mississippi, civil rights leaders took groups of marchers to nearby towns to rally and bring local African Americans to be registered. The Department of Justice later estimated that between 2,500 and 3,000 black Mississippians were registered to vote during the march • The Mississippi Highway Patrol, was were they marched. They were not attacked on their main route, but some were assaulted on the side trips • The March ended on June 26 with a rally of 15,000 people in Jackson, while over a thousand officers in the Mississippi Highway Patrol, National Guard, and local law enforcement agencies guarded the capital building

13. March on Washington • In 1963, the SNCC was a major role in the March on Washington where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his famous "I have a dream" speech. • A crowd of 200,000 people gathered around the Lincoln memorial in August 1963 to hear speeches by leaders of civil rights organizations, such as John Lewis. • However, Lewis' speech sent a different message than King's speech. While both leaders agreed on a desegregated society with equal rights for all, Lewis felt the federal government wasn't doing enough. While others seemed to be celebrating at the march. • Lewis was angry and the speech he had prepared reflected it. He was so angry that several civil rights leaders and the Catholic Archbishop participating in the event persuade Lewis into moderating his speech.

14. The SNCC falls apart • By the late 1960’s, the SNCC was unable to successfully organize civil rights protests. • In 1967, Hubert “Rap” Brown was elected as the SNCC’s new chairman. Brown’s advocacy of militancy brought the organization under FBI surveillance. The group began to dissolve as many of its leaders and organizers left. In 1970, the SNCC disbanded.

15. SNCC blacks stage a 1960s sit-in, demanding their "right" to invade white lunch counters 1963 songbook, We Shall Overcome! Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement, Oak Publications) Greensboro (North Carolina), 1960 Stokely Carmichael was the originator of the phrase "black power"

16. A man holding a sign that reads "We Demand Voting Rights Now!" 1963. One young man remembers Jimmy Lee Jackson, who was killed February 1965 in Alabama while demonstrating for voter registration. James Meridith and U.S. Marshalls walking to class on the campus of the University of Mississippi, October 1, 1962. Sign for the March. John Lewis Poster of SNCC

17. These are SNCC college students protesters. MLK is receiving one of the pens used by President Lyndon B. Johnson to sign the Voting Rights Act, August 6, 1965. SNCC on Voter Registration, Mississippi, April, 1963 CORE and SNCC members chained to a New York City federal courthouse in protest of civil rights abuses in Jackson, Mississippi, 1965. Marchers gathered for the March on Washington at the Lincoln Memorial, 1963

18. Bibliography • http://www.charlesmcdew.com/sncc/index.html • http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/sncc/a/sncc.htm • http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/ • http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3482 • http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/freedomsummer/a/freedomsummer.htm • http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/meredith.html • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/afroamhistory/1/0/7/8/core_sncc.jpg&imgrefurl=http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/civilrightsmovement/ig/Civil-Rights-Movement-Photos/CORE---SNCC-Protestors.htm&usg=__UAy-ZVP0bnzj4TiEH877bmSiCpY=&h=199&w=250&sz=17&hl=en&start=23&um=1&tbnid=C1JJZgdMsYT1_M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsncc%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D21%26um%3D1

19. Hope you enjoyed my PowerPoint presentation ☺☻☺☻☺☻

20. I also hope you learned something new about the SNCC!!!

21. THE END