OUR LEARNING JOURNEY PAST 2 CLASSES?

OUR LEARNING JOURNEY PAST 2 CLASSES?

EARLY HUMAN CHARTLearning Targets • I can determine what is significant in text(significance) • I can sequence events, and recognize aspects of continuities and changes in the past (continuity and change) • I can explain the anthropologicalorigins of humans • I can use Social Studies inquiry processes and skills to gather, interpret, and analyze ideas; and communicate findings and decisions • Building from our work during the Early Human Sort activity, it is YOUR TURN to gather about each early human to show sequence and change • Criteria • 2-3 important facts per category • Writing is clear and legible • Information is complete

STEPS TO CIVILIZATION6 EARLY HUMANS – WHO AM I? QUIZ GAME IN TEAMS “FUN”!

STEPS TO CIVILIZATIONNEXT STEPS? CAROUSEL

COLLABORATE THROUGH 4 TASKS – IMPORTANT STEPS TO CIVILIZATION! • TOOLS & EARLY HUMANS • HUNTING • FARMING • DEVELOPING CITIES Resource: PowerPoint pamsamaddar.weebly.com • END TASK (INDIVIDUAL):In your opinion, which was the most important step in getting civilizationstarted: • INVENTION OF FIRE? • TOOLS FOR HUNTING? • THE BEGINNING OF FARMING? • TECHNOLOGY FOR TRAVEL? • OR THE BEGINNING OF CITIES?

These early changes were the first stepstowards civilizationand the first steps towards the life we know

In this unit, you will examine: • important changes in lives of early humans • changes that affected lives of all people who followed them, including you!

Tools Were Important • Made axes, knives, scrapers and spearheads using hard stone to chip pieces from another stone • Various groupsof humanscreated different tools depending on environment

Tools Teach Us: • What each group’s life was like • Howancientpeopleshunted • Whatthey hunted (large or small prey)

Tools Teach Us: • How they cooked their food • If they storedtheirfood

Lives changed drasticallyas they learned to make new tools

Eras • Scientists divided timeearly humans lived into three eras (periods of time) • Eras were based on the materials in tools • Stone Age • Bronze Age • Iron Age

Scientific Evidence for6 Groups of Early Humans • According to Theory of Evolution each species of humans developed into the next group • Some groups lived on Earth at the same time • Scientists do not all agree on names / dates for each group • Support differences by analyzing fossil remains • Notice how each species used technologyto help them survive in their environment

Early Humans • Australopithecus • Homo habilis (handyman) • Homo erectus (upright man) • Homo sapiens (Neanderthal) • Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon) • Homo sapiens sapiens (modern human) Use your EARLY HUMAN TIMELINE to name 3 ways these early humans changed over time

Early Hunters • In ancient times, people could not be certain of getting dinner if they stayed in one place • People ate wild plants when they were in season • Wild animals were eaten when killed with tools of wood and stone. • Early hunters followed migrating herds of animals, or travelled to places where they had found food in past years. • Hunting was a way of life for early humans. Evidence found at may sites suggests that early humans (starting with Homo erectus) were skillful hunters

North American Aboriginal people stampeded herds of bison off cliffs such as the one at Head-Smashed-in-Buffalo-Jump, Alberta.

Why do you think this hunting method encouraged people to live in communities?

Cro-Magnon Hunters • Followed great herds of animals that once travelled across Europe • Some lived in caves • Others made tents out of skins of animals they caught • Could pack up tents easily and bring them as they followed herds of animals • Tools were much more efficient than those of earlier people

Cro-MagnonHunters • Invented blade tools and madetools from boneto help make clothing and shelters • used wood, bone, and plant fibres to make tools • Most of these materials rotted, leaving little or no evidence • Only stone tools survived

Cro-Magnon Hunters • Invention of barbed harpoon important to growth of population • Hunting became more efficient as hunting tools improved

Farming: A Giant Step • Most of time, humans fed themselves gathering wild plants / hunting wild animals • By 5000 years ago, people had begun farming in almost every part of world

Farming marks time when people began to grow plants and raise animals for food • Humans began training animals to be of use to them

Switch to farming marks a gigantic change in how people related to the earth and their environment • Instead of simply finding and taking what nature provided, people started to help nature along • As farmers, humans started to take control of the production of food

A Shift • Shift from food gathering to food producing meant people could now be sure of getting enough to eat • Dependable source of food allowed people to settle in one place • As food became abundant, communities began to flourish • Farming was a giant step towards the development of civilization

How Farming Got Started We can only speculate. We weren’t there. Some Theories: • Spilled-Grain Hypothesis • Watching-the-Animals Hypothesis • Moov’en-and-Groov’en Hypothesis

Spilled-Grain Hypothesis Neolithic women, noticed new grain plants grew when they accidentally spilled grain seeds. They tried scattering seeds on purpose – it worked!

Watching-the-Animals Hypothesis • Animals often find plants in places with water / good soil - Hunters saw pattern • People stayed at sites, animals became tamer • People started weeding / irrigating so plants would grow better • Started saving seeds of better plants to plant

Moov’en-and-Groov’en Hypothesis • One season, nomads liked a site so much they stuck around • Stayed so long they harvested a crop and then saw it grow to harvest stage again • Groups learned to grow a crop from seed to harvest and then move on

Remember A hypothesis is a theory or opinion that has not been proven – a kind of educated guess about what the evidence means

Cities: Another Giant Step Looking at how cities developed is like seeing civilization develop • development of farming brought people together in communities • people stopped farming when farmlands produced more food than was needed some • some people developed others skill; moved closer together forming villages • sometimes these villages grew into towns, and then cities

Ancient Cities of the World • In ancient times, cities homes of royalty and officials who held power • Officials controlled surrounding land; decided who could farm • Somecitiesgrewaroundtemple or place of worship • Communities flourished because people could make a living (e.g, shopkeepers, craftspeople, artists, teachers, priests, and officials)

Scientists Love to Discover Ruins of Ancient Cities

Scientists want to know more about how ancient people lived and met individual/common needs

Seeing Patterns Note the development (changes) of different early civilizations Nomadic groups travelling  People formed settled, organized communities  Communities grew into cities  Met other groups through trade or warfare  Cities developed unique characteristics; solve problems in different ways

CITIES: ANOTHER GIANT STEP (SEEING PATTERNS)

In Conclusion • You have examined the big steps that led towards civilization. • You have seen that tools played a crucial role at every step.

In Your Opinion Which was the most important step in getting civilization started: • Invention of fire • Tools for hunting • The beginning of farming • Technology for travel or • The beginning of cities Remember to support your opinion

OUR LEARNING JOURNEY PAST 2 CLASSES?