1 / 10

Globalization & Third World Development

Globalization & Third World Development. April 3rd, 2003. The World Bank -- Functions. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) ensures access for middle-income and credit-worthy poor countries to low-cost borrowing in capital markets

gbarrios
Download Presentation

Globalization & Third World Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Globalization & Third World Development April 3rd, 2003

  2. The World Bank -- Functions • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) • ensures access for middle-income and credit-worthy poor countries to low-cost borrowing in capital markets • funds are raised on the international capital markets • $11.5 billion (2002), $371 billion cumulative • International Development Association (IDA) • long-term (35-40 year) interest free loans • aimed at poorest countries • funds are raised by contributions from richer member countries • $8.1 billiion (2002), $135 billion cumulative

  3. The World Bank -- Structure • corporation-style institution • owned by 184 member countries • corporate structure • CEO, Board of Directors, shareholders • President – American • US is single largest shareholder • executive directors • top five shareholder countries appointed • rest by election • votes by number of shares

  4. World Bank, Votes by Country, 2002

  5. The IMF -- Function • functions – to promote... • international monetary cooperation • expansion of trade • exchange rate ($$) stability • allow member countries to correct maladjustments in balance of payments • balance of payments=exports-imports • to allow countries to continue paying for imports without imposing import controls • provides short-term loans at market-related rate of interest • lower interest rates for poor countries (as of mid-1980s) • requires structural adjustment plan

  6. The IMF -- Structure • all loan arrangements must be approved by Executive Board • fund is based on quotas on members • based on the relative size of their economies in the world economy • votes based on size of quota contribution

  7. IMF, Votes by Country, 2002

  8. The Washington Consensus • principles underlying the policies of World Bank and IMF • new model of neo-liberal economic development • market liberalization • privatization • economic stabilization • deregulation • World Bank and IMF structural adjustment policies (SAPs) • argument that loans were ineffective in fostering development without changes to ensure a healthy economy • countries had to be able to pay loans back • countries had “to get the basics right” • SAPs -- conditional loans issued to countries to pursue policy reforms in keeping with 4 goals above

  9. The World Bank, IMF and Structural Adjustment • the critique • “In who’s interest? Just ask...who set it up?” former Jamaican President, Michael Manley • World Bank • allows rich western industrialized countries to dictate the path of development in their own interests • project their preferred model of development on the domestic policies of developing countries • wield imperialistic power over developing countries through the mechanism of debt • IMF • as above, plus... • allows rich western industrialized countries to expand their markets • ensures that debts of developing countries (to interests in developed countries) are paid

  10. The World Bank, IMF and Structural Adjustment • the defense • capital (necessary for development) would not otherwise be available on the open market • however, cannot simply give money away... • countries must be able to show that they will be able to pay it back • best way to do so is to “get the basics right” – create conditions for economic development • basic problems of poverty and underdevelopment are not created by World Bank and IMF

More Related