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Voice over IP Fundamentals

This chapter delves into the fundamentals of interworking between PSTN and VoIP technologies within Cisco Packet Telephony. It covers important aspects such as call control, connection control, and various services that facilitate voice communication over IP networks. Key topics include the use of protocols like MGCP, SIP, and H.323, as well as the functionality of systems like the PGW2200 and MGX platforms. Additionally, it addresses call-signaling processing, quality of service (QoS), and the evolving landscape of PSTN-IP interworking, highlighting its importance in modern telecommunication systems.

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Voice over IP Fundamentals

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  1. CHAPTER 14 • PSTN and VoIP Interworking Voice over IP Fundamentals

  2. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Connection Control • Call Control • Services

  3. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Connection Control • Functionally sets up, maintains and tears down the call • Uses AS5850, MGX 8850, 2600, 3600, and 3810 • Communicates with the Call Control Plane via Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)

  4. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Call Control • Functionally signals, processes and route voice calls • Uses Signaling System Seven (SS7) • Processes include digit analysis and manipulation, route selection, hunting, and switch-based features • Interfaces with external logic programs • Uses or can use: MGCP, SIP, H.323, and MEGACO • Call Control plane is unknowing of the VoIP system and is there for transport • Can interact with IP, , ATM, Frame-relay….

  5. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Service Plane • Logic that provides enhanced services • Number translation • Account code authentication • Credit card validation • Virtual Private Network (VPN)

  6. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Packet Voice Network • Packet Voice Interexchange Carrier (IXC) tandem applications • Packet Voice Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) Class 4 relief applications • Endpoint client multimedia applications • Corporate voice on-net and off-net services • VoIP local/end office applications on cable infrastructure

  7. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Network Elements • Call Agent (PGW2200) • MG • Service Control Point • Service Node • Cable headend • Residential Gateway • H.323/SIP endpoint/client

  8. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Call Agent (PGW2200) • Cisco Media Gateway Controller (MGC) software, running on Sun Microsystems general computing platforms • Cisco Signaling Link Terminals (SLT) • LAN switch for IP interconnectivity of Cisco PGW2200 elements • (optional) H.323 Signaling Interface (HIS) adjunct processor • (optional) Management products, including the Cisco MGC Node Manager, Cisco Voice Services Provisioning Tool (VSPT), and Cisco Billing and Management Server (BAMS)

  9. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Call Agent (PGW2200) Gateway Applications • VoIP Transit • Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Grooming and TDM offload • SIP PSTN gateway • H.323 PSTN gateway

  10. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Call Agent (PGW2200) Core Capabilities • Call-Signal processing • Address resolution, call routing, resource management, connection control, and call detail record (CDR) generation • Service Access Functions • Management Interfaces

  11. Cisco Packet Telephony: • MG • Physical T1/E1 facility termination • Echo Cancelation • Balance of Jitter buffers • Voice Activity Detection (VAD) • Voice compression using, G.711, G.723, G.729 and others • Tone Generation • Dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) transport • U-law and a-law transcoding • Quality of Service (QOS)

  12. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Service Control Point • Provides an execution environment for service logic • Transaction request (number translation) • 800 Toll free service • Local Number Policy

  13. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Cable Headend • Cable modem termination system • Data-over-cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS)

  14. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Residential Gateway • Provides POTS ports to the home • Runs DOCSIS protocol • Example: DSL Modem

  15. Cisco Packet Telephony: • H.323/SIP • Wide range of voice/multimedia applications

  16. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Network Interfaces • Signaling Termination • Inter-call agent signaling • Connection control • Services Control

  17. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Signaling Termination • SS7 Links • Nonassociated signaling (A-links) • Fully associated signaling (F-links) • PRI Links • CAS Signaling • H.323

  18. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Inter-PGW2200 Signaling • Connection Control via MGCP • Services Control

  19. Cisco Packet Telephony: • PGW2200 Architecture • Application toolkit • Conversion Analyzer • Simulator

  20. Cisco Packet Telephony: • PGW2200 • Execution Environment • North American Numbering Plan • Route Analysis • Digit Analysis • Reroute on Congestion

  21. Cisco Packet Telephony: • PGW2200 Route Selection

  22. Cisco Packet Telephony: • PGW2200 Digit Analysis

  23. Cisco Packet Telephony: • PGW2200 Implementation

  24. Cisco Packet Telephony: • PGW2200 Implementation • Application Check-Pointing • MGC Node Manager • Accounting

  25. Cisco Packet Telephony: • PSTN Signaling Over IP • SCTP • IUA

  26. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Changing Landscape of PSTN-IP Interworking

  27. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Changing Landscape of PSTN-IP Interworking

  28. Cisco Packet Telephony: • Session Border Controller (SBC)

  29. End of Chapter 14

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