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Toward the SST Climate Data Record from Space

This work focuses on the advancement of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) climate data record via the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) as part of the Pathfinder Program. This comprehensive dataset, covering global SSTs from 1985 to present, offers improved spatial resolution of approximately 4 km, enabling better monitoring of oceanic and coastal environments. With enhancements over previous versions, such as refined land masks and ancillary data inclusion, the new dataset supports various climate, coastal, and ecosystem applications, fulfilling IOOS DMAC requirements.

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Toward the SST Climate Data Record from Space

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  1. Toward the SST Climate Data Record from Space Kenneth S. Casey - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Richard W. Reynolds - NOAA National Climatic Data Center Edward J. Kearns - University of Miami Andrew D. Barton - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center

  2. The AVHRR Pathfinder Program • Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA Polar Orbiters • Heritage: NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder Program of the 1990’s (V4) • Collaboration: NODC, NCDC, RSMAS, NASA PO.DAAC To develop the SST climate data record for AVHRR in a sustained environment

  3. AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5 • Coverage: Global, 1985-near present • Spatial resolution: ~ 4 km • Averaging periods: Daily, 5-day, 7-day, 8-day, Monthly, and Yearly (day and night) • Corresponding climatologies • FGDC and Rich Inventory Metadata • Satisfies most IOOS DMAC requirements http://pathfinder.nodc.noaa.gov

  4. Improvements over Pathfinder V4 • Finer global resolution - now 4 km was 9 km • Significantly improved land mask • Inland waters and lake observations • More ancillary and statistical data • Longer time series… now in our 21st year! Climate, coastal,and ecosystemapplications now possible!

  5. Improved Coastal Coverage • ReefBase reef location database ~ 8000 sites • 9 km Pathfinder coverage only 61% • 4 km Pathfinder coverage: > 98%

  6. Operational NESDIS 50 km Latitude Longitude

  7. AVHRR Pathfinder 9 km Latitude Longitude

  8. AVHRR Pathfinder 4 km Latitude Longitude

  9. Includes Lakes and Inland Waters

  10. Nighttime Pathfinder - HadSST2 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 Operational - HadSST2 NOAA7 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

  11. Daytime Pathfinder - HadSST2 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 Operational - HadSST2 NOAA7 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

  12. Nighttime Pathfinder - OISSTv2 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 Operational - OISSTv2 NOAA7 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

  13. Daytime Pathfinder - OISSTv2 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 Operational - OISSTv2 NOAA7 NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

  14. Satellite Biases Nighttime Operational Pathfinder +/- 1 C 1982 2004 Daytime +/- 1 C Weekly Satellite-OISSTv2

  15. Maximum Satellite - OISSTv2 Operational Pathfinder Weekly Nighttime 1982 2004 Weekly Daytime

  16. Minimum Satellite - OISSTv2 Operational Pathfinder Weekly Nighttime 1982 2004 Weekly Daytime

  17. Average Differences Over Time

  18. Improvements Coming in PFV 6 • Wind and aerosol ancillary data • Improved QC including aerosol flagging and better use of sea ice • Improved data management (HDF5 with CF and ACDD metadata?) • 1985-2005 (maybe back to 1981?) • Implement “18-line problem” correction with new global gridding scheme

  19. Connections to GHRSST • GODAE High Resolution SST (GHRSST) • GHRSST is both real time and retrospective • Optimizing the retrospective connection… • Level 2 • Times of Observation • All AVHRRs? • Error estimates

  20. Acknowledgements Thanks to John Kennedy and Nick Rayner, Hadley Centre, UK Met Office, for providing the HadSST2 data set !!

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