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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce high energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. ATP. Universal Energy Molecule Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Consist of a sugar called ribose N containing Adenine

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce high energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.

  3. ATP • Universal Energy Molecule • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Consist of • a sugar called ribose • N containing Adenine • Three phosphate groups DRAW A SKETCH!

  4. ATP ADP • ADP-Adenosine Diphosphate • The Phosphate groups in ATP are VERY HIGH ENERGY. • When a phosphate group is removed-energy is released. • So, energy is STORED in the bonds of ATP. • This energy can be used to do cellular activities.

  5. To obtain energy to do cellular work, the cell hydrolyzes the ATP, releasing the stored energy and forming ADP and phosphate once again. • The energy can then be used to drive reactions.

  6. Cell can make ATP from ADP by using the energy from carbohydrates. • This means that the energy in carbohydrates is then stored in ATP until needed by cells • This process is known as phosphorylation.

  7. Phosphorlation: The process of adding a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP. • Draw it!

  8. ATP Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

  9. ATP is converted into ADP Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

  10. The Internal Structure of a Leaf Section 23-4 CO2 enters through the stomata Epidermis Chloroplasts Stomata Guardcells

  11. Chloroplasts are only found in photosynthetic, eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts are capable of harnessing energy from the sun's rays of light. • Using this energy from the sunlight, chloroplasts are able to form ATP as well as synthesizing sugars from water and carbon dioxide.

  12. Stroma Outer Membrane Thylakoid Granum Inner Membrane Chloroplast • Organelle where photosynthesis takes place.

  13. Thylakoid Membrane Thylakoid Space Granum Thylakoid

  14. Chloroplast Picture

  15. Things to know about Chloroplasts • have a double membranethe inner membranethe outer membrane • have their own DNAthis carries the information to make the enzymes • have their own ribosomesmore like the ribosomes of prokaryotes than eukaryotesthese are used to synthesize proteins (the enzymes) from amino-acids • make their own enzymesrequired for photosynthesisrequire carbon dioxide and waterproduce glucose • contain chlorophyllthis green chemical "traps" sunlight energy

  16. The chloroplast is made up of 3 types of membrane: • A smooth outer membrane which is freely permeable to molecules. • A smooth inner membrane which contains many transporters • A system of thylakoid membranes

  17. b • Plants absorb certain wavelengths of light • ______ and _______. • ______ are molecules that absorb light. • The main pigment is ___________. • Two types: ____ ______. • When they absorb light, they are absorbing _________. a

  18. Photosynthesis Products and Reactants Light Energy • Products and reactants of photosynthesis are: • Reactants: _______ _______ ________ • Products: ________ ________ CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2 Chloroplast

  19. Formula For Photosynthesis • 6 _____ + 6 ______ ______ + ______ • Write it in words here:

  20. The Process of Photosynthesis does NOT Happen all at Once; rather it occurs in  TWO STAGES: STAGE 1: LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS. • Energy is Capture from Sunlight.  Water is Split into Hydrogen Ions, Electrons, and Oxygen (O2).  The O2 Diffuses out of the Chloroplasts (Byproduct). • The Light Energy is Converted to Chemical Energy, which is Temporarily Stored in ATP and NADPH. STAGE 2: DARK REACTION(CALVIN CYCLE). • The Chemical Energy Stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of Organic Compounds (Sugars), Using Carbon Dioxide, CO2. • This is a light Independent reaction. It can happen during the daylight, it just does NOT need to light be completed.

  21. Photosynthesis: An Overview Light CO2 Sugars O2 LIGHT REACTION DARK REACTION Section 8-3 Thylakoid Membrane Stroma Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Go to Section:

  22. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Overview: Concept Map Occurs in two Steps Light Reaction Dark Reaction Occurs (location) Occurs (location) Produces Produces Oxygen ATP NADPH Stroma Thylakoid Membrane Glucose

  23. Light- dependent reactions Dark Reaction Energy from sunlight Thylakoid membranes ATP Stroma NADPH Glucose ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts Photosynthesis Concept Map Photosynthesis includes takes place in uses use take place in to produce to produce of Go to Section:

  24. Cellular Respiration • We get our energy from the _____ we eat. • The unit for energy is the ______. • _______ are producers and make ______ by the process of photosynthesis. • Heterotrophs breakdown glucose for energy. • There are two important ways a cell can harvest energy from food: fermentation and cellular respiration.

  25. Glycolysis • Means “_________________” • Both pathways start with Glycolysis. • Glycolysis starts with ________. • Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules called Pyruvate.

  26. Cellular Respiration • (Aerobic) In the presence of oxygen: Glycolysis and Electron Transport. • (Anaerobic) In the absence of oxygen: Glycolysis

  27. Glycolysis literally means "splitting sugars." Glucose, a six carbon sugar, is split into two molecules of a three carbon sugar called _______. • In the process, two molecules of ATP and two "high energy" electron carrying molecules are produced called NADH. • Glycolysis can occur ______ or _________oxygen.

  28. Summary of Glycolysis • 1. One glucose (6C) converted into 2 pyruvates (3C). • 2. Net yield of 2 ATP for use by cell. • 3. Two NAD+ are converted into 2 NADH & 2H+. (Are used later)

  29. REVIEW • Glycolysis is the first step of reactions that break glucose apart to liberate the energy it holds in its C-H bonds. • Glycolysis occurs in the_______________. • As a set of reactions, Glycolysis does not need ___________________. • Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic (_________) and anaerobic (____________) respiration!

  30. Aerobic Respiration

  31. Glycolysis does not need oxygen as part of any of its chemical reactions. • It serves as a first step in a variety of both aerobic (______)and anaerobic (_______) energy-harvesting reactions. • Glycolysis happens in the _______of cells, not in some specialized organelle.

  32. Cellular Respiration:   the process which occurs within mitochondria in which cells use oxygen to burn sugar for fuel   

  33. With oxygen Respiration Section 9-1 Glucose Krebs cycle Electrontransport Glycolysis Alcohol or lactic acid Fermentation (without oxygen) With out oxygen Go to Section:

  34. In the presence of oxygen: Pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide and water in the Krebs cycle. • After the Krebs cycle, 36 ATP are created in the electron transport chain.

  35. Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Go to Section:

  36. Without oxygen: Pyruvate is converted into Lactic Acid or Alcohol during Fermentation. • Lactic Acid-Muscle cells • Alcohol- Yeast

  37. Flowchart Section 9-2 Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Fermentation Glucose(C6H1206) Glycolysis Lactic Acid Or Alcohol Go to Section:

  38. Anaerobic Respiration

  39. Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1 Lactic acid Glucose Pyruvic acid Go to Section:

  40. Respiration Formula • 6_______ + _________ forms _______ and 6________ + 6_________ + 36 ATP

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