PHOENICS User Conference 2004

1. PHOENICS User Conference 2004 “Using CFD for Sports Arena and Stadia Design” Eric Jal Connell Wagner, Melbourne, Australia 3-5 May 2004 - Melbourne, Australia

2. Introduction • Occupancy issues in sports stadia and leisure complexes becoming paramount • Increasingly common to use CFD in the design process to assess:- • natural ventilation (comfort) • mechanical ventilation • pitch ventilation • exhaust discharge • fire safety

3. Project Case Studies • PHOENICS CFD code has been used • TECPLOT used for results visualisation • Several case studies will be presented:- • Telstra Dome - Melbourne, Australia • Lang Park - Brisbane, Australia • MCG - Melbourne, Australia • Wembley Stadium - London, UK • MSAC Extension - Melbourne, Australia • Oasis Arena - Sydney, Australia • Casey Aquatic Centre - Melbourne, Australia

4. Case Study - Telstra Dome Telstra Dome - Melbourne, Australia

5. Telstra Dome - Background • Located within the Melbourne Docklands urban re-development precinct • Designed and built within 2½ years • Used for AFL/soccer/rugby cricket and concert events • Seating capacity of 52,000 including a movable lower stand tier of 12,500 seats • A 167m by 132m retractable pitch roof (can open & close in under 10 minutes)

6. Telstra Dome - Design Scope • When roof is closed it becomes a fully enclosed all weather “indoor” facility • Occupancy comfort and life safety needs consideration • Other similar stadia normally include mechanical ventilation • Concerns about large capital costs and ongoing energy consumption led to a design study for justifying an effective passive (natural) ventilation solution

7. Telstra Dome - Design Analysis Natural Ventilation : Full Stadium - No Wind (35oC Day) - Roof Closed

8. Telstra Dome - Design Analysis Fire Safety : 15MW Pitch Fire - Roof Closed

9. Telstra Dome - Analysis Summary • Location & spacing of roof vents optimised • Architectural design of roof vents and facade openings promote air movement which enhances occupant comfort for a wide range of environmental conditions • Temperature rises around bowl arena not deemed excessive (within 5oC) assuming the patrons are suitably attired consistent for a naturally ventilated facility • Life safety tenability criterion also satisfied

10. Case Study - Lang Park Lang Park Stadium - Brisbane, Australia

11. Lang Park - Design Scope • Recently redeveloped for increased seating capacity • Designed to be capable in the future of incorporating a retractable pitch roof • CFD modelling was conducted to determine natural ventilation openings necessary to provide spectator comfort • Scenarios simulated for different environmental conditions for both an open stadium and with a pitch roof

12. Lang Park - Design Analysis Natural Ventilation : Full Stadium - No Wind (32oC Day) - No Roof

13. Case Study - Wembley Stadium Wembley Stadium - London, UK

14. Wembley Stadium - Design Scope • Currently in the process of being upgraded and redeveloped • Engaged in fire engineering design review to address issues associated with the Building Regulation compliance • CFD modelling was conducted for fire scenarios within the concourse atrium • Scenarios also performed for assessing mechanical smoke extraction system requirements within service “ring road”

15. Wembley Stadium - Design Analysis Fire Safety : 3MW Concourse Atrium Fire

16. Wembley Stadium - Design Analysis Fire Safety : 20MW Underground Service “Ring Road” Fire

17. Case Study - MSAC Extension MSAC Extension - Melbourne, Australia

18. MSAC Extension - Design Scope • Venue is to be upgraded in readiness for 2006 Commonwealth Games • Outdoor pool arena is being proposed with lightweight roof and open sides • For energy impost and sustainable development considerations natural ventilation is postulated • CFD modelling undertaken in order to demonstrate the viability of design

19. MSAC Extension - Design Analysis Natural Ventilation : No Wind (15oC Day)

20. Case Study - Casey Aquatic Centre Casey Aquatic Centre - Melbourne, Australia

21. Casey Aquatic Centre - Design Scope • Ventilation within an indoor pool needs to ensure sufficient “fresh” air requirements • Necessary for removal of water vapour (RH control) and chemical vapours • Different mechanical ventilation systems configurations were analysed with CFD • Establish air movement distribution and show undesirable stagnant flow regions

22. Casey Aquatic - Design Analysis Mechanical Ventilation : “Push-Pull” System

23. Case Study - Oasis Arena Oasis Arena - Sydney, Australia

24. Oasis Arena - Design Scope • Performance based approach used to satisfy BCA fire design requirements • CFD modelling was conducted to ensure indefinite tenability conditions are maintained within concourse/vomitories • Provide assistance in optimising the smoke extraction system in terms of size and capacity • Consequently gives indication of expected capital cost outlay of mechanical systems

25. Oasis Arena - Design Analysis Fire Safety Analysis : 10MW Stage Fire

26. Case Study - MCG Redevelopment MCG Redevelopment - Melbourne, Australia

27. MCG Redevelopment - Design Scope • Northern side of stadium currently being redeveloped for utilisation at the 2006 Commonwealth Games • Several CFD modelling studies done for:- • Ventilation (thermal comfort) • Plant room exhaust dispersion • Pitch ventilation • Fire life safety • Onus of design process to maximise ESD initiatives and optimise resource efficiency

28. MCG Redevelopment - Design Analysis Plant Room Exhaust : 4m/s Northerly Wind

29. MCG Redevelopment - Design Analysis Pitch Ventilation : 4m/s Northerly Wind

30. Conclusions • Project case studies have shown the use of CFD as an important part of the engineering design process of sports stadia/arenas • Issues relating to ventilation, occupancy comfort and life safety can be addressed • Facilitates ‘sustainable design technology’ solutions by avoiding/limiting mechanical ventilation energy usage as far as possible • Can be promoted as world’s ‘best practice’ and used as a benchmark for stadia design

31. Presentation End a Thankyou!