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1. TOPICS—Timeline NHD sample topics Do yourself a favor and choose something from this extensive list. Nobody knows history like NHD. These topics are easily researched and documented. It’s a sure bet that you will not know anything about many of the topics on the list. Before you decide, go over the list with family and friends. You never know what relatives or friends have had experiences or connections relating to topics on the list that you know nothing about. Using them as a resource would make your work much more interesting. Also, pick out a few topics you have never heard of and check them out. It might lead you in a direction you never thought of and a great project. Once you have chosen a topic, now you must choose at least four sub-topics to guide your research. For example, America’s expansion west is a huge topic. Are you interested in the movement of the Native American, Americans, immigrants, transportation, plants, animals, ideas, religion, culture, etc. Narrow your focus down to at least four areas of interest before beginning to take notes. To help you target the main areas of interest are…the essential questions.
2. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Your work will be a thousand times easier if you keep these questions at your side and refer to them constantly as a guide for everything—research, note taking, and writing. Ask yourself the following essential questions about your topic: How or why is it important? How was it significant in history? How did it develop over time? How did it influence history? How did events (social, economic, political, and cultural aspects of my topic’s time period) influence my topic in history? Your interpretation of the historical significance of your topic should be based on research and supported by evidence. Always examine your topic for the short-term consequences and the long-term change. You will find the essential questions on your timeline for quick reference and on my website www.ahlandon.wordpress.com under NHD resources.
3. RESEARCH—Timeline Assignment 2 Research must be BALANCED… There are two areas of balance to address when doing any kind of research. One, is my work balancedbetween research categories such as, websites, books, articles, interviews, timelines, maps, film etc. or is the majority from on area. If all or most of your sources are internet based, your research is not balanced and your grade will suffer. But, balance also refers to authors perspective. Good research should reflect all sides of the issue—positive and negative. As the author of your project, your purpose is to inform the reader about your topic in a balanced and unbiased way. That means telling both sides of the issue or covering the different points of view.
4. Let’s use the example of America’s movement westward again. If you only research and write about the economic opportunities for land, and fortunes to be made in the gold rush, your paper would not be balanced. It would be accurate, but you are only telling one side of the story. What about the effects of the economic boom on the Native Americans? And, what did America’s prosperity have to do with the conflicts and wars with the Indians? So, you see there are always two sides to every issue and as a responsible writer you must inform your readers about them all. I’ve only talked about the white mans experience. Oops! Toomany websites.
5. What are they? They are index cards on which you put all of the information you will need about all the sources you use for your project. Why will I need them? They will help you to identify what source you used in case you need to find that source again. Helps you build your annotated bibliography Creates a system that can assist you in organizing your information for both using and writing your paper

   SOURCE/NOTE CARDS

6. 1 Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Example: Cross, Susan, and Christine Hoffman. Bruce Nauman: Theaters of Experience. New York: Guggenheim Museum; London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. Print. ISBN: 0-14-04472-0

   SOURCE/NOTE CARDS

7. What do I put on the note card? 1. Write only one main point on a note card – BUT IF YOU ARE A GOOD NOTE TAKER – FILL UP THE CARD – ENSURING YOU WRITE PAGE NUMBERS FOR EACH NOTE 2. Write all information in your own words (this helps preventing plagiarism 3. Only write information directly related to your project 4. Write only essential information 5. Be accurate 6. Double check direct quotes and statistics. 7. Identify direct quotes with quotation marks and the person's name.

   SOURCE/NOTE CARDS

8. 8. Use ellipsis points (...) where you leave out non-essential words from a quote. 9. Distinguish between 'fact' and 'opinion'. 10. Include the source's number on the card 11. Write the page number of the source after the note. 12. Use the word 'over' to indicate information on the back of the card. 13. ABSOLUTELY MAKE SURE YOU PUT THE PAGE NUMBER(S) OF YOUR INFORMATION – YOU WILL NEED THEM FOR YOUR IN TEXT CITATION

   SOURCE/NOTE CARDS

9. WHAT IS AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY? An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (2 sentences)descriptive and evaluative paragraph known as the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.

   Annotated Bibliography

10. THE PROCESS Creating an annotated bibliography calls for concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research. Briefly examine and review the actual items. Locate and record citations to source that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style. In your case, MLA format. Write two sentences for each source. First sentence is what is the book about. Second sentence is why and/or how did you use it in your paper.

    Annotated Bibliography

11. Bad descriptive annotation: A textbook that talks about America. Better An American History textbook I used as a general reference for my introductory paragraph Bad evaluative annotation This book helped me in my paper Better I used this general reference source to provide background information on the American Revolution

    Annotated Bibliography

12. List only those sources that you used to develop your entry. An annotation normally should be only 1-3 sentences long. Source (example):Bates, Daisy. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. 1st ed. New York: David McKay Co. Inc., 1962. Annotation (example):Daisy Bates was the president of the Arkansas NAACP and the one who met and listened to the students each day. This first-hand account was very important to my paper because it made me more aware of the feelings of the people involved.

    Annotated Bibliography

13. PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is the use of other people’s words and ideas without an explanation of where these words and ideas came from. It is dishonest. Here are some ways to avoid plagiarizing: Summarize and paraphrase when taking notes Use several sources Put your sources away when you draft, and use only your note cards. Be sure to identify each paraphrase, summary, and quote on your note card. Put quotation marks around someone’s exact words. If you use specific phrases that someone else wrote, you must credit the source (Example: fortunate peasant). CONSEQUENSES OF PLAGIARIZING Using someone else’s work is CHEATING. You are misrepresenting your knowledge of a subject and/or your ability to demonstrate your understanding of that subject. This is a serious offense and is treated as such as you get older. You could loose your job or get expelled from school leaving a permanent mark on your records for the future. It could jeopardize getting into the college of your choice or getting that job you have dreamed of. The consequences in middle school are less severe. If you plagiarize on your project, you will receive an “F” and an opportunity to recycle within a designated time frame. NO DISCUSSION.
14. Parent permission forms are no longer being accepted since it is past the due date of 29/30AUG. Just to reiterate, your project paper that is due on 14/15OCT should be your history fair topic. Next items due on 12/13SEP: 1) 4 sources including Web addresses 2) 1st draft of annotated bibliography 1) A minimum of 50 note cards (only 8 completed) DON’T BE…