1 / 33

Chapter 17 Manifest Destiny and Expansion Section 1 (1840-1860)

Chapter 17 Manifest Destiny and Expansion Section 1 (1840-1860). Manifest Destiny and Expansion. Manifest Destiny-belief that it was the U.S.’s God-given right to expand from east to west coast. Reasons: Spread Christianity & Democracy Relieve over-crowding

floria
Download Presentation

Chapter 17 Manifest Destiny and Expansion Section 1 (1840-1860)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 17 • Manifest Destiny and Expansion • Section 1 (1840-1860)

  2. Manifest Destiny and Expansion • Manifest Destiny-belief that it was the U.S.’s God-given right to expand from east to west coast. • Reasons: • Spread Christianity & Democracy • Relieve over-crowding • More Farmland & markets for products • Many believed the U.S. was sure to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean • Believed nothing could stop growth from taking place • Expansionist view became known as manifest destiny – term first used by John O’Sullivan • Roots of manifest destiny lay in Americans’ economic, political, and social experiences

  3. Gone West • By 1840s, many Americans had accepted idea of manifest destiny • Many built settlements beyond the boundaries of the U.S. • Supporters of manifest destiny didn’t care about Indians & Mex. already living in the west

  4. The Election of 1844 • A key issue was the annexation of TX. • President Tyler too unpopular within his own party to win the nomination for the 1844 election. • The idea of manifest destiny played an important part in the campaign. Texas allying with Britain and ending slavery. • (Whig) Henry Clay, initially opposed annexation of TX & then supported it • (Democratic) James K. Polk supported annexing TX & OR • Clay vs. Polk; Polk won

  5. Acquiring New Territory • President Polk was sure that he could bring Oregon and Texas into the U.S. • As more Americans began to settle in the Oregon Country, they began to ask that Oregon become a part of the U.S. • Some politicians thought that OR Country was needed to protect trade b/t U.S. & China • Almost a war b/t U.S. & BR over where the border between the U.S. & Canada should be • Expansionists – “Fifty-four forty or fight!” (54°40’ parallel) Refers to US and GB contest over the Northern boundary of Oregon.

  6. Acquiring New Territory (continued) • BR & U.S. agreed border would be 49th parallel • Drew the present-day border between Canada and the U.S. in the Pacific Northwest • OR a U.S. territory in Aug. 1848 • Texas was annexed in Dec. 1845 • Becomes a state; Mex. considered TX a “stolen province” • TX wanted to be annexed to solve financial & military problems

  7. War Breaks Out • Mexico cut diplomatic ties to the U.S. after TX was annexed • Argument over TX borders • The U.S. & Mex. both claimed the land b/t the Nueces & Rio Grande Rivers • Before war had been declared, Polk 1st sent Gen. Z. Taylor & troops to Rio Grande (June 1845); War began 1846

  8. The War Breaks Out (continued) • Polk sent diplomat John Slidell to Mexico City to negotiate the Texas border dispute. • The president also told Slidell to offer to buy Cali and NM. • Polk offered to buy California & New Mexico from Mexico for $30 million. Mexico would not speak to us.

  9. War Breaks Out (continued) • General Taylor 1st marched his troops to the Rio Grande before Congress declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846 • Mexico attacked Taylor because he wouldn’t move his troops from the region. • Congress declared war on Mex. on May 13, 1846

  10. United Streaming Video The Mexican War

  11. Chapter 17Manifest Destiny and War (1840-1860) Section 2 The Mexican War

  12. Responses to War • U.S. outnumbered but we had better equipment. • Several “1st” w/ Mexican War • 1st U.S. war fought mainly on foreign soil • 1st time many newspapers covered a U.S. conflict • One of the 1st to be photographed • War led to greater national pride

  13. Responses to the Mex. War • Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau & Ralph Waldo Emerson opposed the Mexican War • Many Whigs believed the war was unjustified and unnecessary • The War upset those who were against expansion or war • Northern abolitionists opposed the War b/c worried slave states might develop in the SW • Pro-slavery southerners worried that the new territories might ban slavery

  14. American Victories • Gen. Taylor won 2 battles south of the Nueces River before war was declared • Gen. Stephen Kearny attacked NM & Santa Fe & claimed it for the U.S. • Bear Flag Revolt, a group of Amer. settlers declared CA an independent republic

  15. American Victories (continued) • US Navy took San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. • In 1846, Ca. was claimed for the U.S. by Commodore Robert Stockton • Polk appointed Gen. Kearny the Gov. of CA during the Mex. War.

  16. The War’s End • Gen. Taylor’s successes made him popular “Old Rough and Ready” • Pres. Polk worried that Gen. Taylor was so popular he would run for pres. in 1848 & win. So he replaced him w/ Gen. Winfield Scott. • U.S. forces won the Mex. War after victories at Veracruz, Cerro Gordo & Mex. City

  17. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mex. War & included the Mexican Cession • Mexican Cession – CA, NV,UT, AZ, NM & parts of CO & WY given to U.S. • TX border fixed at Rio Grande • U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million. • The Treaty was opposed by Whigs, antislavery activists, and antiwar activists-feared acquired territory would become slave states.

  18. Gadsden Purchase • Dec. 1853 • Gadsden Purchase- U.S. paid Mex. $10 million for southern parts of AZ & NM • Gave U.S. present-day continental boundaries.

  19. Chapter 17Manifest Destiny and War (1840-1860) Section 3 More Settlers Head West (5)

  20. Conflicts over Land • After the Mex. War, land disputes started because American settlers ignored the rights of the original people of the Mexico Cession • Most Mexican American & Indians faced legal, economic & social discrimination

  21. Conflicts over Land (continued) • New settlers ignored Mexican legal ideas like community property & water rights. • Steady arrival of new settlers and policies of the U.S. government greatly affected American Indians in the Southwest • Indian raiding parties attacked settlers. Settlers retaliated. Started a vicious circle.

  22. Cultural Encounters • Despite conflicts, the cultures influenced each other in the Southwest • Settlers used the Pueblo building material known as adobe • The Southwest was being pulled into the market economy, so the Navajo made & sold silver objects & hand made wool blankets

  23. The Mormons • Joseph Smith founded the Mormons in 1830 & wrote the Book of Mormon • Mormon men practice Polygamy • The Book of Mormon was made up of religious revelations that Smith claimed to have translated • Some beliefs made them target of persecution – some Mormon men practiced polygamy (one man married to more than one woman at the same time) • Smith killed by Mob in MO (1844). So, Brigham Young became the head of the Church

  24. The Mormons (continued) • Mormons decided to go West to UT (Mormon Trail). • In 1860 about 40,000 Mormons lived in UT, most in Salt Lake City • Most who followed the Mormon Trail were Amer. Mormons fleeing persecution & Mormon converts from BR & Scandinavia

  25. Chapter 17Manifest Destiny and War (1840-1860) Section 4 The Gold Rush (5)

  26. The Forty-Niners (49’ers) • James Marshall discovered gold near Sutter’s Mill (California) on January 24, 1848 • Sutter’s workers quit to search for gold • Stories began spreading across the country • CA Gold Rush of 1849 caused a rise in population for CA • Migrants who went to CA searching for gold were called 49’ers. (80% were Americans)

  27. The Forty-Niners (continued) • 49’ers who 49’ers coming from U.S., South America & Europe mostly arrive in San Francisco • went around the Cape of Good Hope (South Amer.) or across Panama were usually from Europe or the eastern U.S. • 49’ers who went by wagon trains through the Rocky Mts or Santa Fe trail were from the Midwest. • Most 49’ers were young, unmarried men • Most 49’ers did not become rich, Few had mining experience

  28. Mining Camps & Towns • Mining camps tended to appear & disappear quickly • No law & order • Slaves brought in benefited from California’s position on slavery (most opposed)

  29. Immigrants to CA • Famine and economic hardships in southeastern China encouraged many Chinese men to come to America – “travelers to Gold Mountain” • Many Chinese immigrated to CA Between 1849 and 1853 some 24,000 • Chinese immigrants were not welcomed by Americans • Chinese suffered much discrimination but they still opened businesses & were successful. Although Chinese immigrants suffered discrimination in mining camps, many opened their own businesses • German immigrant Levi Strauss earned his fortune in CA by making denim work pants to sell to miners

  30. Growth in the West • Business growth, gold mining, and trade transformed California’s economy • CA’s population explosion made it eligible for statehood in 2 yrs (31st in 1850)

More Related