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Women’s situation in the 20 th century in Portugal

Women’s situation in the 20 th century in Portugal. Escola Secundária Manuel Teixeira Gomes. Index. Monarchy Times First Republic New State / "Estado Novo“ After the Carnation Revolution. Monarchy Times ( until 1910). Women’s situation is conditioned by traditions and laws

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Women’s situation in the 20 th century in Portugal

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  1. Women’s situation in the 20th century in Portugal Escola Secundária Manuel Teixeira Gomes

  2. Index • Monarchy Times • First Republic • New State / "Estado Novo“ • After the Carnation Revolution

  3. Monarchy Times (until 1910) • Women’s situation isconditioned by traditions and laws • Man as head of family and the only one with the right to take decisions • Women could not have a job • Feminist movements started by educated women • “Liga Republicana das Mulheres Portuguesas” (1909)

  4. First Republic(1910-1926) • New Civil Code: • Marriagebasedonequality • Passingofdivorcelaw • 1911 Constituition: • Women are now able to have a job in the civil service • Mandatoryschooling for bothgenders (from 7 to 11 yearsold)

  5. First Republic(1910-1926) • Universal right to vote • 20 years old • Head of family • Carolina Beatriz Ângelo • Universal right changed after 1913 • 20 years old • Head of family • Masculine

  6. FirstRepublic(1910-1926) • “Conselho Nacional das Mulheres Portuguesas’’ (1914) • Promotedwomen’sempowerment

  7. New State / “Estado Novo”(1933-1974) • Salazar’s ideology (1933): • Traditional family • Paradoxal equality

  8. Salazar’s Lesson / “A Lição de Salazar” A Lição de Salazar Deus, Pátria, Família: A trilogia da educação nacional Salazar’s Lesson God, Home, Family: The trilogy of national education

  9. New State / “Estado Novo”discrimination de jure • Constitution (1933) • Women’s political rights based on family andeconomic situation • New Diploma (1934) • Election for theNationalParliamentandtheCorporativeChamber • Code of Civil Procedure (1939) • Forbade women to travel abroad, sign a contract or do business without theirhusbands’ permission

  10. New State / “Estado Novo”discrimination de fato • Statute of National Work (1933) • specialregulations for workoutsidethehome • Work force : 22,7 % women; 87,3 % men • The “Marcelista Period” • Equal political rights (1968) * • Equal rights to travel (1969) * Women needed to know how to read and write, but the same wasn’t asked for men

  11. After the Carnation Revolution“25th of April’’ • Maria de LurdesPintassilgo: minister and PM (1979) • Constitution (1976) • Total equality • Military Service (1991/1992) • Navy since 1993

  12. Situação atual: factos e números Mulheres no mercado de trabalho

  13. Situação Atual: factos e números • Percentagemmaiselevada de alunasnaUniversidade • Onúmero de alunas de doutoramento era de 4 em 1970 e de 773 em 2009. • Entre 1978 and 2011, o número de alunasadmitidas à Universidadesubiu de 34.065 para 211.641.

  14. Situação Atual: factos e números • As mulheres na política: um longo caminho a percorrer • A Assembleia da República tem apenas 64 mulheres em 230 deputados; contudo a Presidente da Assembleia da República é , pela 1ª vez, uma mulher; • Há duas Ministras no governo português.

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