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The Rise of Anglicanism and Colonial Ambitions in Early Modern England

This chapter explores the transformative period of Henry VIII's reign, focusing on the emergence of the Anglican Church and the socio-political landscape that prompted English settlements in the New World. It examines the religious motivations behind the Protestant Reformation, the economic opportunities driving colonial ventures, and the social hierarchies influencing migration. Key figures like Elizabeth I and events such as the Spanish Armada are discussed, as well as the plight of early settlers in Jamestown and the Southern Colonies, shaping the future of England and its overseas territories.

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The Rise of Anglicanism and Colonial Ambitions in Early Modern England

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  1. Chapter 2

  2. Henry VIII (pg. 8) • Catholic (divorce?) (Catherine/Aragon) • Starts his own religion (Anglican, Church of England) • Elizabeth I (city-state) (nationalism) • Spanish Armada (England #1) • Irish Tactics (prejudices brought) Critics of Anglican Church • Too Catholic (kept Sacraments) • Puritans (broken, stay) (fix within) • Separatists (broken, leave) (can’t fix) • Seen as a threat (challenge authority) • Protestant Reformation

  3. Too Catholic?

  4. Motivations for English Settlement (page 9) 1. Economic Opportunity • English Monarchs (mercantilism used/exploit colonies) • New Merchant Class ($ to invest in colonial ventures) (joint stock companies) • Middle & Lower Classes (inflation/unemployment) (dream of a better life elsewhere) • Unemployed Farmers (enclosure movement) (wool industrybecomes very profitable) 2. Social Opportunity • Workers & Farmers (dream of upward mobility) (hierarchy, people stayed in classes) • Some English Leaders (dumpingground/excess people) (safety valve) (convicts, drain English resources)

  5. 3. Political Opportunity • Divine Right (kings rule in God’sbehalf) (absolute power) (people dream of political power) • Bloody Civil War (lots of bloodshed, people want peace) (CharlesI/Cavaliers vs. Puritans/Roundheads) 4. Religious Opportunity • Puritans (dream of religious liberty) (want the persecution to stop) • Protestant Reformation (anti-Catholic Church/Pope) (Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII)

  6. Roanoke “Lost Colony” (pg. 9) • Sir Walter Raleigh (Sea Dogs) (wealth) • Finances a settlement • Delivers people & supplies • Delayed in return • Where did they go? • CROATAN

  7. Jamestown (pg. 11) • London Co. (Virginia Co.) (joint-stock company) • Gentlemen (investment, gold) (wrong men sent) (location, swamp) (disease) (John Smith, elected) • Powhatan Confederacy (trade) (Pocahontas) (kill Smith?) (ritual, submission) (Smith hurt, goes back to England) • Starving Winter (gold) (enslave Indians, attacked) (cannibalism) (escape?) • Lord de la Warr (encounters group) (attacks Indians) (1st & 2nd Powhatan Wars)

  8. Attracting Settlers to Jamestown (pg. 12) • Tobacco (John Rolfe) (cash crop) (poor man’s) (financial prosperity) (need more land) (labor intensive) (demand for labor) • House of Burgesses (vote, limited) (representative, self-government) (protect English Rights) • Headright System (pay passage) (receive 50 acres) (plantations) (Tidewater Gentry) • Indentured Servants (slaves?) (4-7 years) (room & board) (rights) (end of term?) (clothes, tools) (homeless, frustrated) (work for wages)

  9. Southern Colonies (pg. 13) • Maryland (Lord Baltimore) (mirror) (refuge for Catholics) (Cecil Calvert) (feudal system) (Protestants come) (Act of Toleration) (religious freedom) (Protestant Revolt) (lose power) • Carolinas (8 Nobles, feudal system) (nobody comes) (trade, Barbados) (Barbadians, dominate society) (Indians) (slave codes) (Charles Town) (land squatters) (separate) (North, more independent & democratic) (rice & indigo) • Georgia (buffervs. Spanish) (James Oglethorpe) (1st governor) (no, drinking, plantations, & slavery) ) (nobody comes) (Debtors’ Prison) (financial failure) (Royal Colony) grew slowly) (eventually, Plantations)

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