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DNA and Chromosomes: Key Concepts and Case Study

Learn about how chromosomes package DNA and the role of genes in cellular functions. Explore the replication process and homologous chromosomes in different species.

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DNA and Chromosomes: Key Concepts and Case Study

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  1. DNA and Chromsomes

  2. Key Concept • Chromosomes are coiled up “packages” of DNA.

  3. Case Study • Listen to the following case study about Colin Pitchfork taken from “What is Life?” by Jay Phelan.

  4. DNA and CHROMOSOMES • When cell is about to divide, DNA coils up into CHROMOSOMES. • Each section or piece of the DNA – called a GENE- strand codes for a specific protein, that carries out a cellular function. • These chromosomes will double, or replicate, right before cell division.

  5. Each chromosome consists of 2 identical copies (the original chromosome and the replicated chromosome) called CHROMATIDS. • The 2 chromatids are connected at the point called the CENTROMERE.

  6. NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES • Each species has a specific number of chromosomes. • Organisms have 2 (a pair) of each chromosome (i.e. pair #1, #2, #3, etc). • Called HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES-chromosomes that cover the same information, but are different versions; one is inherited from mom and one is inherited from dad • The two homologous chromosomes, one from “mom” and one from “dad”, together are referred to as a HOMOLOGOUS PAIR.

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