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Unlocking DNA and Chromosomes: The Genetic Code Revealed

Delve into the fascinating world of DNA and chromosomes, discovering how genetic information is stored and used to build proteins. Explore the structure of DNA, from nucleotides to bases, and understand the roles of the nucleus and ribosomes in this intricate process. Learn about the 23 chromosomes in the human nucleus and visualize DNA as a tightly wound double helix. Find answers to key questions about DNA's composition, location in cells, and its vital role in protein synthesis. Check out useful resources and videos for further insights into DNA's scale and complexity.

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Unlocking DNA and Chromosomes: The Genetic Code Revealed

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  1. DNA and Chromosomes

  2. What is DNA? • DNA is where the GENETIC CODE is stored. • It is a set of instructions for building proteins • Sent by the CEO to the WORKERS as instructions for building PROTEINS • Who are the workers? • The RIBOSOMES • Who is the CEO? • The NUCLEUS

  3. Where is DNA? • DNA is found in the NUCLEUS of every cell in every organism. • DNA is like long string wound up very tightly around itself. When it is wound up it is called a CHROMOSOME. • Each human nucleus has 23 CHROMOSOMES

  4. What is DNA made of? • DNA is shaped like a SPIRAL STAIRCASE. • The handrails the staircase are made of NUCLEOTIDES. • The steps of the stair case are made of BASES. • There are 4 bases used in the DNA molecule, and each pairs with another

  5. What is DNA made of? • The NUCLEOTIDES (handrails) give the DNA molecule its structure. • The BASES (stairs) spell out the GENETIC CODE. • Remember: DNA is the instructions for how to build proteins. The BASES spell out the words in the instructions.

  6. Draw a DNA molecule and label the Nucleotides and the Bases

  7. How big is DNA and Chromosomes? • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

  8. Let’s review: • Every cell has a NUCLEUS. The nucleus is the CEO and contains all instructions for building proteins. • Every nucleus has 23 CHROMOSOMES (in humans)

  9. Let’s review: • Each chromosome is made up of tightly wound DNA. • DNA looks like a spiral staircase. • The handrails are made of nucleotides, and give DNA it’s shape. • The stairs are made of bases, and store the genetic code

  10. Exit Slip • 1) What are the stairs of DNA made of and what purpose do they serve? • 2) Where in the cell is DNA found? • 3) DNA are instructions to build what?

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