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Understanding Energy: Kinetic and Potential Forms in Physical Science

This lecture delves into the concept of energy, defining it as the ability to do work or cause change. It explores various forms, including kinetic energy, associated with motion, and potential energy, which is stored due to an object's position. The lecture provides real-world examples, such as falling apples and the energy in sunlight and food. Key formulas, including the calculation of gravitational potential energy (GPE), are introduced, enriching understanding of how energy functions in our daily lives and various physical systems.

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Understanding Energy: Kinetic and Potential Forms in Physical Science

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  1. NIS – PHYSICAL SCIENCE Lecture 15 TheNature of Energy OzgurUnal

  2. Energy • Energyis theabilityto do work. • Or, energyis theabilitytocause a change. • Theball in Figure 1 is movingand it has theabilityto break thewindowglass. What is work? • Examples: • An apple on a tree has theabilitytocause a changeif it fallsdown, so it has energy. • Thesunlight has theabilitytocause a change (tanning), so it has energy. • Heat has theabilitytocause a change (cookingfood), so it has energy.

  3. DifferentForms of Energy • Energy can takedifferentforms: • Thermalenergy • Radiantenergy • Chemicalenergystored in foodsandfuels • Electricalenergyetc.

  4. KineticEnergy • Whichobjectwouldcause a greaterchange? • 1- A lightobjector a heavyobjectmoving at thesamespeeds? • 2- Twosameobjectsmoving as differentspeeds? Energyduetomotion is calledkineticenergy. Everymovingobject has kineticenergy. • Aheavyobject has morekineticenergythan a lightobjectmoving at thesamespeed. • Afasterobject has morekineticenergythan a slowerobjectwiththesamemass.

  5. KineticEnergy Kineticenergy: KE = m * v2 / 2 Theunit of energy is Joule (J). Express joule in terms of baseunits. Is energy a vector? • Example: What is thekineticenergy of a baseballmoving at a speed of 40 m/s ifthebaseball has a mass of 0.15 kg?

  6. PotentialEnergy Energydoesn’thavetoinvolvemotion. Storedenergyduetoposition is calledpotentialenergy. An objectwith a certainheight has thepotentialtocause a changeif it start fallingdown. • Examplesforpotentialenergy: • Elasticpotentialenergy is energy • storedbysomethingthat can • stretchorcompress. • Observethespringsgiventoyou • andexplainhowenergy can be • stored in it.

  7. PotentialEnergy Examplesforpotentialenergy: Foodsandfuelscontainstoredenergy in chemicalbonds. Energystored in chemicalbonds is calledchemicalpotentialenergy. CheckoutFigure 3! Energy is stored in thebondsthat holdthecarbonandhydrogen atomstogetherand is released whenthegas is burned.

  8. NIS – PHYSICAL SCIENCE Lecture 16 GravitationalPotentialEnergy OzgurUnal

  9. GravitationalPotentialEnergy • GPE = m * g * h • What is theunit of GPE? • Is GPE a vector? Anythingthat can fall has storedenergycalledgravitationalpotentialenergy (GPE). • Example: Findtheheight of a baseballwith a mass of *.15kg that has a GPE of 73.5 J.

  10. GravitationalPotentialEnergy Whichobjecthas thegreatestpotentialenergy?

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