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The Early Malay Doctors 28April2018 IAMM, KL updated 11-57pm 27April2018

This is a presentation I delivered in Kuala Lumpur about my research on The Early Malay Doctors of Malaya and Singapore between 1900 and 1957.

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The Early Malay Doctors 28April2018 IAMM, KL updated 11-57pm 27April2018

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  1. The Early Malay Doctors Prof Faridah Abdul Rashid ● Universiti Sains Malaysia 28 April 2018 IAMM, KL 1 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD)

  2. The Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore The Early Malay Doctors 28 April 2018 IAMM, KL Prof Faridah Abdul Rashid USM, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan © 2018 FARIDAH ABDUL RASHID • THE EARLY MALAY DOCTORS

  3. OUTLINE 1. ASIAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS 2. THE EARLY MALAY DOCTORS 3. BRITISH MALAYAN MEDICAL SERVICE 4. RESEARCH UPDATE ON TEMD 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 3

  4. OUTLINE 1. ASIAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS • India, Hong Kong, Singapore • Milestones of the Singapore Medical School • Celebration at the Adelphi Hotel, Singapore • Fate of the Medical School in Singapore during WW2 • Formation of UM Singapore in 1949 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 4

  5. Asian Medical Schools 1839-1910 Established Location 1. University of Madras, Madras, India (est. 1839) 1839 1835 a) Madras Medical College (est. 1835) 1903 b) Royapuram Medical School (est. 1903-1938) military 6 years medical course; LMP 1934 1938 c) Stanley Medical School (1934) College (1938) 5.5 years medical course; MBBS 2. University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (est. 1911) 1887 1887 Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (est. 1 Oct. 1887) 1911 UHK 5 years medical course; MBBS & wartime MBBS 3. Straits Settlement and Federated Malay States Government Medical School, Singapore (est. 1905) 5/6 years medical course (LMS) & 3 years dental course (LDS) First batch had 23 students (1905-1910); 7 graduated in 1910 1905 5 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 5

  6. Medical Milestones 1905-1920 https://theearlymalaydoctors.blogspot.my/ Year 1905 The first Medical School was established in June 1905 (Ordinance No. XV of 1905) and began to function in July 1905. Development The Medical School was officially opened by Sir John Anderson, Gov. of the Straits Settlements, on 28 Sept 1905. Named “The Straits and Federated Malay States Government Medical School”, it had 23 students in its first intake. 1910 7 of 23 students in the first batch graduated in 1910 (30% passed) 1912 It was renamed the King Edward VII Medical School in 1912. 1916 The LMS was recognised by the General Medical Council (GMC) of Britain in 1916. 1920 It was renamed the King Edward VII College of Medicine in 1920. 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 6

  7. King Edward VII College of Medicine Building, Singapore, est. 1926 Photo by Noor-Ashikin Abas, Singapore 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 7

  8. The Adelphi Hotel, Singapore 1934 The J. M. F. Band played music when MB Johor died in 1934 The J. M. F. Band played music when MB Johor died in 1934 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 8

  9. The Adelphi Hotel, Singapore 1939 Photo from Dr Mohamed bin Taib (dentist) Mohamed KEVII LDS 1939 Nuruddin KEVII LDS 1939 Khamsiah Quit 2nd year Latifah Bee MBBS UHK 1942 Salma KEVII LMS 1947 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 9

  10. WWII in Singapore • KE VII College of Medicine, S’pore closed 1942-1945 Medical students returned to their respective homes in Kedah, Penang, and Kelantan A few returned to Sumatra A few worked in Hong Kong or India • Syonan Daigakku opened 1942-1943 Singapore (TTSH) 1944-1945 Malacca (GHM) • Stories of the Kempeitai (Japanese secret police) • Hikari Kikan (Japanese military police)? 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 10

  11. Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore TTSH opened in 1849 and was used during WWII. The Marei Ika Daigaku was at Tan Tock Seng Hospital in 1942-1943, before it moved to Malacca General Hospital 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 11

  12. Syonan Medical College, Malacca General Hospital Malacca The Marei Ika Daigaku at Tan Tock Seng Hospital (1942- 1943) moved to General Hospital Malacca (1944-1945). 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 12

  13. WWII, Changi Prison, Singapore British POWs British POWs 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 13

  14. Malay Superintendents, WWII • During the Japanese occupation, the British officers and medical doctors had evacuated to Singapore • Many British doctors were interned at Changi Prison, where many died; some escaped to Malaya disguised as Malay women with scarves, and returned to England • Malay doctors replaced the British doctors as Superintendents – eg Leper Settlement at Sg Buloh 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 14

  15. Raffles Institution, Singapore 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 15

  16. Formation of UM King Edward VII Medical School (1930) University of Singapore (1962) King Edward VII College of Medicine (1920) University of Malaya (1949) Raffles College (1928) University of Malaya (1962) 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 16

  17. Formation of UM Logo Institution Degree awarded KE VII LMS 1910-39; 1946-49 KE VII LDS 1936-39; 1946-49 KE VII College of Medicine (1905) College Road, Singapore Raffles College (1928) Bukit Timah, Singapore UM S’pore MBBS 1950-62 UM S’pore MBDS 1950-62 University of Malaya (1949) Bukit Timah, Singapore NUS MBBS 1963 onward University of Singapore (1962) Bukit Timah Campus, Singapore UM KL MBBS 1963 onward University of Malaya (1962) Pantai Valley, Kuala Lumpur, FoM 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 17

  18. History of the University of Malaya 1905 Straits and Federated Malay States Govt Medical School 1949 King Edward II College of Medicine merged with Raffles College to form UM 1962 UM campus in KL 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 18

  19. UM S’pore 1949 • The UM S’pore was established in 1949 • Mr Malcolm MacDonald, UM Chancellor • Doctors graduated from UM S’pore with LMS prior to 1949 • MBBS was issued from 1950 onward • Doctors graduated from UM S’pore with MBBS from 1950 onward 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 19

  20. Mr Malcolm MacDonald, UM Chancellor Mr Malcolm MacDonald, UM Chancellor 1949 Singapore 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 20

  21. OUTLINE 2. THE EARLY MALAY DOCTORS • Distribution of Malay doctors in Malaya and Singapore • Malay O&G doctors • Biodata • Personal particulars, medical studies, certificates • Government Medical Service or private practice & services 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 21

  22. Distribution of Malay Doctors SELANGOR – 7 doctors 1910 Dr Abdul Latiff b Abdul Razak 1936 Dr Mohamed b Mohamed Ibrahim 1936 Dr Abbas bin Haji Alias 1950 Dr Abdul Majid b Ismail 1953 Dr Mohamed Noor b Marahakim 1955 Dr Siti Hasmah bt Mohd Ali 1959 Dr Ruby bt Abdul Majeed 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 22

  23. Distribution of Malay Doctors PERAK – 10 doctors 1912 Dr Samsudin b Cassim 1916 Dr Pandak Ahmad b Alang Sidin 1917 Dr Ismail Mohamed Ghows 1931 Dr Megat Khas b Megat Omar 1936 Dr Amir Burhanuddin b Ungku Mohd Noor 1936 Dr Abdul Karim b Nawab Din 1937 Dr Mohamed Din b Ahmad 1942 Dr Latifah Bee Ghows 1953 Dr Ariffin b Ngah Marzuki 1956 Dr Raja Ahmad Noordin b Raja Shahbuddin 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 23

  24. Distribution of Malay Doctors PENANG – 12 doctors 1917 Dr Shaik Mohamad Baboo b Ahmad Albakish 1917 Dr Kamil Mohamed Ariff 1917 Dr Ali Othman Merican 1924 Dr Husin b Mohd Ibrahim 1929 Dr Nizamuddin b Ahmad 1930 Dr Che Lah b Md Joonos 1930 Dr Abdul Ghani b Mohammad 1949 Dr Abdul Wahab b Mohamed Ariff 1949 Dr Abdul Aziz b Omar 1950 Dr Syed Mohamed bin Alwi Alhady 1952 Dr Carleel Merican 1956 Dr Ahmad Ezanee Merican 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 24

  25. Distribution of Malay Doctors JOHOR – 7 doctors 1923 Dr Hamzah b Taib 1933 Dr Mohamed Salleh b Haji Abdul Hamid 1934 Dr Awang b Hassan 1935 Dr Syed Mhmood b Abdul Rahman Alkuds 1945 Dr Ismail b Abdul Rahman 1957 Dr Ungku Omar b Ungku Ahmad 1958 Dr Md Noor b Nordin 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 25

  26. Distribution of Malay Doctors KEDAH – 5 doctors 1924 Dr Mustapha b Osman 1947 Dr Salma bt Ismail 1949 Dr Omar b Din 1950 Dr Abu Bakar b Ibrahim 1953 Dr Mahathir b Mohamad 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 26

  27. Distribution of Malay Doctors NEGERI SEMBILAN – 3 doctors 1932 Dr Mohamed Said b Mohamed 1938 Dr Sulaiman b Mohd Attas 1939 Dr Abdullah b Ahmad 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 27

  28. Distribution of Malay Doctors State Pahang 2 1939 Dr Nuruddin b Mohd Salleh 1939 Dr Mohamed b Taib Perlis 2 1924 Dr Abdul Wahab Khan b Mohamed Lal Khan 1951 Dr Syed Mahmood b Syed Hussain Jamalullail # Names 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 28

  29. Distribution of Malay Doctors Country Malaya # 48 Penang (12); Perak (10); Selangor (7); Johor (7); Kedah (5); NS (3); Pahang (2); Perlis (2) Singapore 4 1916 Dr HS Moonshi 1916 Dr Mohd Ibrahim b Shaik Ismail 1928 Dr Abdul Samat b Haji Pagak 1940 Dr Kandati b Seka TOTAL 52 (43 documented; 9 missing) Names 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 29

  30. Malay O&G Doctors # Names, degree(s), age, state 1 2 Dr Samsuddin Cassim, LMS 1912 (deceased at 60 c1950, Klang) Dr Megat Khas b Megat Omar, LMS 1931, Queens Scholar Aug 1947- 50; LM(ROT) Feb 1948, DRCOG 1949, MRCP 1950 (KK) Dr Mohamed Said b Mohamed, LMS 1932, LM(ROT) 1948 (Linggi) 3 4 Dr Awang b Hassan, LMS 1934, PG studies in O&G (Johor) 5 Dr Abdullah b Ahmad, LMS 1939, Licentiate in O&G London 1953-56 (Linggi) Dr Latifah Bee Ghows, MBBS 1942; Dublin after war (Taiping) 6 7 Dr Ariffin b Ngah Marzuki, MBBS 1953 (93, KL) 8 Dr Abdul Samad b Abdul Kader, MBBS 1953, U Glasgow (85, Penang) 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 30

  31. 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 31

  32. 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 32

  33. Dr Abdul Latiff Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Medical Diploma Dr Abdul Latiff bin Abdul Razak 1889-1956 Born Pasir Penambang, Kuala Selangor Klang, KL, Selangor S.S & FMS Med Sch 1905-1910 LMS 1910 • Dr Abdul Latiff bin Abdul Razak • from Klang, Selngor • Bugis roots > Pulau Siantan, Riau > Celebes • First Malay doctor in Malaya • First Malay doctor in Selangor • UKM KL campus Perpustakaan Dr Abdul Latiff Jalan Doktor Latiff Photo from Datin Assoc. Prof. Dr NorsidahAbdul Manap, UKM 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 33

  34. 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 34

  35. Wisma Kayu Jalan Dr Latiff (300m) Stadium Institut Pediatrik 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 35

  36. Perpustakaan Dr Abdul Latiff UKM KL campus • Brochure: “Majlis Perasmian Penamaan Perpustakaan Dr. Abdul Latiff, UKM, 25 November 2005” http://medlib.medic.ukm.my  This is the cover for the brochure used for the launch of “Perpustakaan Dr Abdul Latiff” by UKM in 2005. The insert shows Dr Abdul Latiff bin Abdul Razak, the first Malay doctor  From Datin Assoc Prof Dr Norsidah Abdul Manap, Dept of Anaesthesiology, UKM 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 36

  37. 1st O&G doctor Dr S Cassim Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Medical Diploma Dr Samsuddin bin Kassim c1890–c1950 Born Taiping, Perak Taiping, Perak LMS March 1912 Apothecary Madras 1922 • Dr Samsuddin Cassim (Kassim); Casseim, S. • Apothecary, Madras Medical College, India 1922 • Straits Settlements Government Gazette, page 358, 3 March 1922 • Second Malay doctor in Malaya • First Perak Malay doctor, from Taiping; 1st O&G doctor • Worked as a Govt doctor from 1912-1920s • GP at own clinic at 13, Anderson Road, Ipoh • Member of Kinta Sanitary Board (est. 1897) • Spoke Cantonese; Hon. Medical Officer (Hon MO) to the Perak Chinese Maternity Hospital • Sultan Idris’ personal physician 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 37

  38. Dr Haji Ahmad Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Medical Diploma Dr Pandak Ahmad bin Alang Sidin 1883-1965 Kg Kledang, Kota Lama Kanan, Kuala Kangsar Kuala Kangsar, Perak LMS 1916 • Dr Pandak Ahmad bin Alang Sidin • Dr Haji Ahmad bin Alang Sidin • Second Perak Malay doctor, K Kangsar • First Malay rural doctor; opened rural clinic in Kg Kota Lama Kanan in 1937 • Hajj Doctor 1952-54 Photo from Hj Mohd Salleh Ahmad 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 38

  39. Dr HS Moonshi Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Medical Diploma 1895-1965 Born Surat, Bombay, India. Died S’pore Dr HS Moonshi Singapore LMS March 1916 Buried Kubor Kassim, Siglap Rd, Singapore • Dr Hafeezudin Sirajuddin Moonshi bin Hakeem Abdul Hamid • First Singapore Malay doctor • Clinic: Moonshi Dispensary, 742 North Bridge Road, S’pore 1916 - 1965 • His clinic was the first clinic established by a Muslim doctor in Singapore Photo from Dr Tahir Ahmad Ibrahim • Leader of the Indian Muslim community in Singapore • Municipal Commissioner in Singapore • Member of the Mohammedan Advisory Board, S’pore 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 39

  40. Dr Mohamed Ibrahim Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Medical Diploma Dr Mohamed Ibrahim bin Shaik Ismail 1892-1962 Born Singapore. Died after 1962 Hajj in Madinah; buried in Makkah Singapore LMS Aug 1916 • Dr Mohamed Ibrahim bin Shaik Ismail • Dr SIM Ibrahim • Second Singapore Malay doctor • Sehat Clinic in Serangoon Rd and another clinic at Siglap, Sg Photo from Dr Tahir Ahmad Ibrahim 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 40

  41. Dr SM Baboo Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Medical Diploma Dr SM Baboo bin Ahmad Albakish 1894-1964 Born Penang George Town, Penang LMS March 1917 • Dr Shaik Mohamad Baboo bin Ahmad Albakish • First two Penang Malay doctors • Penang General Hospital 1917 • Pioneer: Set up the Malayan Medical Mission to Makkah in 1947 • First Malayan Hajj Doctor 1948 Photo from Dr Fathilah Kamaluddin 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 41

  42. Dr KM Ariff Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Degree Dr Kamil Md Ariff bin Kadir Mastan 1893-1960 Born Butterworth, Province Wellesley. Died in Penang George Town, Penang Medical LMS March 1917 • Dr Kamil Mohamed Ariff b Kadir Mastan • First two Penang Malay doctors • Joined GH Penang 1918 • The Dispensary in George Town, Penang • Founder Penang Malay Association (PMA) • YDP 1920-1933 • 1955 Hajj; Knighted Sir Kamil Ariff Photo from Rukiah Hanoum 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 42

  43. Penang Malay Association 1 2 1. Dr KM Ariff 2. Hjh Rahiman Bee Farewell dinner hosted by the Penang Malay Association (PMA) for Mr RP Bingham at the Eastern & Oriental Hotel, Georgetown, Penang. 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 43

  44. Dr Ismail Ghows Name Born-Died Birthplace Domiciled Medical Diploma Dr Ismail Mohamad Ghows 1878-1964 Born Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, India Taiping, Perak LMS Aug 1917 • Dr Ismail Mohamad Ghows • Third Perak Malay doctor • Started medical practice in 1918 • Lochman Medical Store, No. 44 Jalan Besar, Taiping, Perak Photo from Dato’ Abdul Mutalib 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 44

  45. 1 Lochman Medical Store, No. 44 Jalan Besar, Taiping 1 2 1. Dr Ismail Ghows 2. Dr Latifah Ghows 45 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD)

  46. Dr Ali Othman Merican Domiciled Degree Name Born-Died Birthplace 1) S.S. & F.M.S. Med Sch 1911-1913; HA 1913 2) UHK 1916-1917 MBBS UHK 1917 Dr Mohd Ali bin Ahmad bin Othman Sah Merican 1890-1945 Born Penang Died Kelantan Buried Kelantan Penang Hong Kong Kelantan • Dr Ali Othman Merican (4th generation Merican) • Studied at 2 places: SS & FMS Med Sch & UHK • Graduate of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, MBBS, 1917. Evidences for his MBBS: • MBBS degree of 1917 from UHK (cert is at Kseena House in Kuang) • Constancy in Purpose (1987) UHKP • 1920 passport (15 Feb 1920): Occupation – Medical Practitioner* • Registered in the British Colonial Medical Register: 3 March 1922 • Who’s Who in Malaya 1925: Medical Practitioner Photo from his 1920 passport, forwarded by Dr Ezlan Merican *Travelled in 1920 to China, Japan, Singapore, Java; The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 1924 Haatyai; 1927/8 Siam (came to Kelantan) 28 April 2018 46

  47. Dr Ali Othman Merican Book – The Directory & Chronicle of 1909 • Ali Othman Merican was 19 years old • He was Honorary Secretary of PMA Portrait from a group photo from Tamin Merican 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 47

  48. 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 48

  49. • Doctors and relatives • Dr Kamil Mohd Ariff YDP 1920-1933 • Dr AO Merican, YDP 1927-1928 • Tuan CM Hashim YDP 1938-1939 • Tuan Mohamed Noor bin Mohamed YDP 1952-1960, 1963, 1965-1971 • Tuan Mohamed Noor bin Mohamed YDP 1952-1960, 1963, 1965-1971 • Doctors and relatives • Dr Kamil Mohd Ariff YDP 1920-1933 • Dr AO Merican, YDP 1927-1928 • Tuan CM Hashim YDP 1938-1939 28 April 2018 http://www.pemenang.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/YDPertua.jpg The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 49

  50. Dr Ali Othman Merican 1Straits Settlements Government Gazette 3 March 1922 2Source: Who's Who in Malaya 1925 by Julius Fisher, 1925; page 130 3Family book/clan book Dr. Ali Othman MERICAN1 @ Mohomed Ally Merican • M.B., B.S. (Hongkong)1 • Medical Practitioner1 • First Penang clinic: Anglo-Moslim Pharmacy1,2(1921-25) • Medical Officer at Sg Petani, Kedah3 (early 1920s) • Moved to Kelantan in 19273 • First Kelantan clinic: The Dispensary (1927-2018) 28 April 2018 The Early Malay Doctors (TEMD) 50

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