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GROUNDWATER

GROUNDWATER. Groundwater. The Hydrologic Cycle. Groundwater. Groundwater. porosity. Vadose zone. Phreatic zone. Groundwater. Phreatic zone. Groundwater. Porosity vs. Permeability: Porosity – the amount of water a rock can hold

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GROUNDWATER

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  1. GROUNDWATER

  2. Groundwater The Hydrologic Cycle

  3. Groundwater

  4. Groundwater porosity Vadose zone Phreatic zone

  5. Groundwater Phreatic zone

  6. Groundwater • Porosity vs. Permeability: • Porosity– the amount of water a rock can hold • Permeability– the amount of water that can move through a rock in a given amount of time Which is more important?

  7. Groundwater What is an aquifer? a layer of rock from which water can be easily extracted A layer of rock through which water does not move readily is called an aquitard or aquiclude

  8. Groundwater An unconfined aquifer

  9. Groundwater A confined (artesian) system

  10. Groundwater How fast does groundwater move? Between: 1 meter/day, and 1 meter/year On average, ~ 10 cm/day What are the consequences of this slow movement?

  11. Groundwater Artificial recharge ponds, N. California

  12. Groundwater How does groundwater erode? Groundwater can only erode by dissolution, usually helped by carbonic acid. Limestones are particularly susceptible Solution channels in limestone, England

  13. Groundwater An area dominated by groundwater erosion is called karst topography

  14. Groundwater Evolution of cave system

  15. Groundwater Satellite image of a karst terrain

  16. Groundwater Areceibo, Puerto Rico – SETI radio antenna

  17. Groundwater Sinkholes

  18. Groundwater Winter Park, FL

  19. Groundwater

  20. Groundwater Sinkhole swallows 2 cars, St. Louis, November 26, 2007

  21. Groundwater Karst towers, China

  22. Groundwater The Stone Forest, China

  23. Groundwater Infilled sinkholes

  24. Groundwater Red paleosols (Molas Fm) in Leadville Ls, Molas Lake

  25. Groundwater How does groundwater transport its sediment? Only one way, in solution. This is what makes hard water, but dissolved load typically only in parts per million (ppm)

  26. Groundwater How does groundwater deposit its sediment? By precipitation. This may occur within pore spaces, helping lithify sediments, or in open spaces as dripstone

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  31. Groundwater Gypsum stalactites, Lechuguilla, NM

  32. Groundwater Calcite cement in sandstone

  33. Groundwater SiO2 carried by groundwater replaces trees

  34. Groundwater • Types of groundwater: • meteoric • connate • magmatic Any of the above may also behydrothermalwater

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  38. Groundwater Issues with groundwater use: • Pros: • agricultural, industrial, & • domestic water • geothermal energy • natural filtration • Cons: • ground subsidence • depletion • pollution • salt water encroachment

  39. Groundwater Groundwater use by state

  40. Groundwater Geothermal test well, Nevada

  41. Groundwater

  42. Groundwater

  43. Groundwater Subsidence due to groundwater extraction, Mexico City

  44. Groundwater Subsidence due to groundwater extraction, San Joaquin Valley, CA

  45. Groundwater Salt water encroachment

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