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Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.

Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system. Binomial nomenclature is a two-part scientific naming system. uses Latin words scientific names always written in italics

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Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.

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  1. Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. • A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system. • Binomial nomenclature is a two-part scientific naming system. • uses Latin words • scientific names always written in italics • two parts are the genus name and species descriptor

  2. Genus includes one or more physically similar species. • Species in the same genus are thought to be closely related. • Genus name is always capitalized. • Species descriptor is the second part of a scientific name. • always lowercase • always follows genusname; never written alone Tyto alba

  3. Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still used today. *Linnaean system based only on physical similarities. *Linnaeus’ classification system has seven levels. • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  4. Modern Classification using Evolution Phylogeny= The evolutionary history for a group of species Cladistics= classification based on common ancestry. Cladogram is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics. A clade is a group of species that shares a common ancestor.

  5. Tetrapodaclade 1 Amniotaclade 2 3 Reptiliaclade Diapsidaclade 4 5 Archosauriaclade DERIVED CHARACTER FEATHERS & TOOTHLESS BEAKS. SKULL OPENINGS IN FRONT OF THE EYE & IN THE JAW OPENING IN THE SIDE OF THE SKULL SKULL OPENINGS BEHIND THE EYE NODE EMBRYO PROTECTED BY AMNIOTIC FLUID FOUR LIMBS WITH DIGITS *Clade- “V-shaped” area representing a group of organisms that share certain traits (from a common ancestor). • *Derived characters represent traits on cladogram (hash marks). CLADE *Nodes represent the most recent ancestors of a clade (place of branch).

  6. Molecular data may confirm classification based on physical similarities or it may lead scientists to propose a new classification. • 1 type of molecular data = molecular clocks • Mutations add up at a constant rate in related species. • This rate is the ticking of the molecular clock. • More time = more mutations. • Mitochondrial DNA (mRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) provide two types of molecular clocks.

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