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Protists and Fungi

Protists and Fungi. Protists. Protists One or many celled organisms that live in moist or wet surroundings. All are eukaryotic (have a nucleus or membrane bound structures. Some are plantlike. (chlorophyll) or funguslike Some are animal-like (motile)

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Protists and Fungi

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  1. Protists and Fungi

  2. Protists • Protists • One or many celled organisms that live in moist or wet surroundings. • All are eukaryotic (have a nucleus or membrane bound structures. • Some are plantlike. (chlorophyll) or funguslike • Some are animal-like (motile) • Solid or shell like structures outside of their body. • Most protists have the characteristics of living in a moist or wet surrounding and being eukaryotic, in common.

  3. Protists are divided into 3 groups based on shared characteristics. • 1) Plant like • 2) Animal Like • 3) fungus like • Plantlike Protists • Known as algae • Contain chlorophyll- make their own food • Ex. Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Red Algae, Green Algae, Brown Algae.

  4. Plantlike Protists • Dinoflagellates • One-celled saltwater algae with two flagella • Flagella • long, thin whiplike structure • Euglenoids • Algae with characteristics of both plants and animals. • Brown Algae • Not all algae is green • Algin- found in the cell walls of brown algae is used to thicken ice cream. Its also found in marshmallows, rubber tires, and hand lotion. • Kelp- many-celled brown algae that is a major food source for fish.

  5. Animal-Like Protists • Protozoans • One-celled, animal-like protists • Classified by the way that they move • Ciliates • Protists that have cilia • Cilia • Short, threadlike structures extending from cell membranes. • Ex. Paramecium • Paramecium • Protozoan with two nuclei that moves using cilia

  6. Animal-like Protists • Flagellates • Protozoans that move their watery environments whipping their long flagella • Ex. Proterospongia protozoan that moves using flagella • Psuedopods • Move through their environments and feed using temporary extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopods • Ex. Amoeba use a pseudopod to move through their environment and obtain food. Protozoan that moves using pseudopods.

  7. Funguslike Protists • Produce spores like fungi • Can move from place to place using psuedopods like amoeba. • All must take in food from an outside source. • Ex. Slime Molds, Water Molds and Downy Mildews

  8. Name that Organism!!

  9. AMOEBA ANIMAL-LIKE EUGLENA PLANT-LIKE DIATOM PLANT -LIKE DINOFLAGLLATE PLANT-LIKE PARAMECIUM ANIMAL-LIKE SLIME MOLD FUNGUS LIKE

  10. Fungi • Do you think you have fungi in your house? • Mushroom soup, fresh mushroom, package of yeast, fungus growing on a loaf of bread or an orange, and mildew fungus growing on your shower curtain. • Characteristics • do not contain chlorophyll • Reproduce by spores • Decompose organic matter • Do NOT make their own food

  11. Structure of Fungi • The body of a fungus is usually a mass of many-celled, threadlike tubes called hyphae. • Hyphae produce enzymes that help breakdown food. • The Fungal cells absorb the digested food. • Because of this most fungi are known as saphrophyts. • Grow best in warm, humid areas.

  12. Reproduction • Asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi usually involves the production of spores. • Waterproof reproductive cell that grow into a new organism.

  13. Club Fungi • Grows as hyphae in the soil or on the surface of its food source. • Basidium • Club-shaped structure that produces spores. • Sac Fungi • Yeast, molds, morels, and truffels • The spores of sac fungi are produced on an ascus. • Yeasts reproduce sexually by forming spores and asexually by budding. • Budding- new organisms grow off the parent’s side.

  14. Zygote Fungi • The fuzzy black mold that grows in fruit or bread is a type of zygospore fungus. • Sporangium • A round spore case on tips of hyphae, in zygote fungi • When each sporangium splits open, hundreds of spores are released into the air. • Some fungi either never reproduce sexually or never have been observed reproducing sexually. • These are called IMPERFECT FUNGI. • There is NO EVIDENCE that their life cycle has a sexual stage. • Ex. Penicillin, athlete’s foot and ringworm

  15. You have cracks between your toes and flaky skin. Your doctor says it is athlete’s foot and suggests you keep your feet cool and dry. Why? • Answer? • Athletes foot is a fungal disease that grows best in warm and humid conditions.

  16. Lichens • An organism made of a fungus and either a green algae or a cyanobacteria. • Importance of Lichens • Food source for many animals • Weathering process of rocks • Scientists use them as indicator for pollution levels.

  17. You are walking in the woods and trip over an old, fallen log. It has a dozen half-moon shaped organs growing on it like shelves. What are those organisms and what are they doing on the log?? • Answer: • These are a types of fungus. They are helping decompose the log.

  18. http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078617022/164155/00044685.htmlhttp://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078617022/164155/00044685.html • Some fungi interact with plant roots • Mycorrhizae- mutually beneficial network of fungal hyphae and plant roots. • 80% of plants develop mycorrhizae • Helps the plant absorb more nutrients from the soil

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