1 / 21

Cellular Standards

Cellular Standards. A dvanced M obile P hone S ervice (AMPS) – 1G Analog FM IS-136 (aka USDC, IS-54 ) – 2G Digital TDMA Global System for Mobile (GSM) – 2G Digital TDMA European IS-95 CDMA – 2G Digital CDMA U.S. / Qualcomm 2.5G Standards – TDMA/CDMA CDMA2000 – 3G U.S./Qualcomm

erwin
Download Presentation

Cellular Standards

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cellular Standards • Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) – 1G Analog FM • IS-136 (aka USDC, IS-54) – 2G Digital TDMA • Global System for Mobile (GSM) – 2G Digital TDMA • European • IS-95 CDMA – 2G Digital CDMA • U.S. / Qualcomm • 2.5G Standards – TDMA/CDMA • CDMA2000 – 3G U.S./Qualcomm • W-CDMA – 3G Europe ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  2. 2.5G CDMA Standard • Only one upgrade path for IS-95 CDMA (CDMAOne) • 2.5G interim CMDA standard is IS-95B • High-speed packet and circuit switched data access • Original IS-95 data rate was 9.6 kbps • Data rate actually deployed by Sprint PCS and Verizon was 14.4 kbps (IS-95A) • Multiple orthogonal PN spreading codes per user • Each user to take up to 8 different PN spreading codes in parallel • Maximum instantaneous data rate = 8 x 14.4 = 115.2 kbps • Practical data rate is only about 40-64 kbps • Sprint PCS “Wireless Web” • Began use in 2000 using IS-95B ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  3. 2.5G CDMA Standard • IS-95 Soft Handoff • Mobile unit reports RSS back to MSC through current serving BS several hundred times per second • MSC decides when to initiate soft handoff (multiple serving BSs on same radio channel • IS-95B Hard Handoff • Mobile unit searches for different 1.25 MHz radio channels without approval from MSC • Rapidly tune to new channel if better than serving channel • Hard handoff available in addition to soft handoff • Improves link quality in congested cells where multiple radio channels are being used ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  4. 2.5G CDMA Standard • IS-95B Upgrade • No new hardware required (baseband or RF) • Only software upgrade at BS • New mobile unit handsets • Backwards compatible with IS-95A ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  5. 2.5G Standards • 2.5G Summary • All overlay on existing 2G networks • No new frequency spectrum required • Practical data rates: • IS-95B  40-64 kbps (packet or circuit switched) • HSCD  57.6 kbps (circuit switched single user) • GPRS  50 kbps (packet switched multi-user) • EDGE  100-120 kbps (packet switched multi-user) • EDGE requires significant new RF hardware and software upgrades • Modulation technique upgraded to 8-PSK ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  6. 2.5G Standards ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  7. 3G Wireless • 3G Vision • Fully data-centric communication networks • Multi-megabit per second data rates • Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)  packet-based voice • Always on access • Applications • Live video and music • Interactive multi-person web sessions • Multi-party conferencing with simultaneous voice and data access ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  8. 3G Wireless ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  9. 3G Wireless ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  10. 3G Wireless • 3G History • International Telecommunication Union (ITU) • Formulate truly global 3G standard for 2 GHz band • International Mobile Telephone 2000 (IMT-2000) Plan • Active forum for proposal, development, and debate of global 3G communication standard (started in 1996) • Worldwide user community split into two camps based on 2G outcome: CDMA (IS-95) and GSM (GPRS/EDGE) • Many standards initially proposed and debated but this was narrowed to two leading candidates (most manufacturing support) • 3G GSM  Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA)  3G Partnership Project (3GPP) • 3G CDMA  CDMA2000  3G Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  11. 3G Evolution ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  12. 3G Wireless • 3G Status • Countries everywhere allocated new/more spectrum specifically for 3G • Some early 3G spectrum auctions • $35B (USD) in England in 2000  5 nationwide licenses • $46B (USD) in Germany in 2000  4 nationwide licenses • Commercial grade 3G equipment has been deployed in U.S. since 2005 • First 3G deployment was 2002 in Japan • Sprint PCS rolled out first US 3G network • CDMA 2000 1xRTT ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  13. W-CDMA • 3G W-CDMA (UMTS) • Also know as Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) • UMTS first started development in 1996 by consortium of European service providers, manufacturers, and governments (ETSI) • Other competing wideband CDMA standards merged with UMTS in 2000 • Ensures backwards compatibility with GSM, GPRS, EDGE network structure and bit-level packaging • Completely new CDMA air interface • NOT backwards compatible with baseband and RF hardware in BS • Completely new base stations required ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  14. W-CDMA • 3G W-CDMA • Minimum of 5 MHz BW required for one RF channel • 4 times larger than 1.25 MHz RF BW for IS-95 • Multiple RF channels would be required to support large number of high speed users • Requires significant new spectrum • Complete change out of base station RF & baseband hardware • Supports data rates from 8 kbps to 2 Mbps (stationary users only) • Determined by available network capacity and user requirements • 100-350 simultaneous voice calls • Depends on channel conditions, user velocity, etc • Future W-CDMA versions support up to 8 Mbps ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  15. W-CDMA • 3G W-CDMA • 6 times increase in capacity relative to GSM on a system wide basis Example: 200 simultaneous voice calls in 5 MHz  25 kHz/user, GSM 8 users per 200 kHz channel  25 kHz/user, but 100% frequency reuse in W-CDMA vs. N = 4 for GSM • Always on packet based wireless • Computers, PDAs, phones, etc. share network and continuously connected to internet • FDD and TDD modes • Mobile cellular  FDD (separate F/R channels) • Indoor portable/cordless  TDD (1 channel shared in time for F/R) ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  16. W-CDMA • 3G W-CDMA • Support advanced high data rate services • Streaming audio/video • Videoconferencing • Video games • Broadcast TV! • Public and private network features • Slow and gradual deployment due to new BS hardware and new spectrum • Dual mode or tri-mode phones to support GSM, EDGE, and W-CDMA • Predicted that W-CDMA fully installed by 2010 ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  17. CDMA2000 • 3G CDMA 2000 • Seamless evolutionary path for 2G IS-95 and 2.5G IS-95B • Must retain original 1.25 MHz IS-95 RF BW structure!! • Left over from AMPS carriers not willing to risk more than 10% of their allocated 12.5 MHz spectrum!! • Gradual deployment with existing IS-95 2G and 2.5G systems • Deploy on cell by cell basis • No wholesale hardware changeout • No new spectrum required • Significant advantages/distinctions relative to W-CDMA ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  18. CDMA2000 • 3G CDMA2000 • US Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) oversees standard development • Compared to ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) for W-CDMA • Qualcomm is major developer of CDMA2000 • International collaborators as well • First version of CDMA2000 is 1xRTT (1X) • Multi-carrier (multiple RF channels) but first deployment allows only 1 channel!! • 307 kbps maximum data rate and 144 kbps typical throughput • IS-95B has only 40-50 kbps typical throughput ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  19. CDMA2000 • 3G CDMA2000 • 1xRTT (1X) • Multi-level keying (PSK) and multiple PN spreading sequences • Both are rapidly adaptable based on network capacity, user need, and channel conditions • Incremental redundancy like EDGE! • All changes are baseband signaling changes • No new RF hardware required • All changes done in baseband hardware/software • Cell by cell basis if desired!! • Packet network hardware must also be installed @ MSC • Supports 2 x voice users as IS-95 and double the battery life ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  20. CDMA2000 • 3G CDMA2000 • 3xRTT (3X) • Multi-carrier CDMA • 3 RF carriers  3 x 1.25 MHz = 3.75 MHz cumulative BW • 3 adjacent RF carriers (option 1) • Creates single 3.75 MHz channel & requires newRF hardware • 3 non-adjacent RF carriers (option 2) • No new RF hardware • Packet data throughput up to 2 Mbps (just like W-CDMA) • Actual rate depends on network capacity, mobile velocity, channel conditions, etc. ECE 4730: Lecture #27

  21. 3G Wireless • CDMA2000 vs. W-CDMA • US vs. Europe • CDMA2000 has advantages of more seamless, gradual, and economically viable deployment • More rapid rollout of 3G than W-CDMA • Sprint PCS has nationwide 3xRTT in US • W-CDMA has advantage of 4 to 1 GSM-based installed user population • Greater manufacturing support • Less rapid rollout due to RF hardware upgrades ECE 4730: Lecture #27

More Related