Understanding Water-Soluble Vitamins: Functions & Sources

1. ГАПОУ НСО«Барабинский медицинский колледж» Water soluble vitamins Подготовила преподаватель Калинина Е.В.

2. Vitamins • Organic, essential nutrients • Needed in the body in small amounts • Perform specific functions that promote • growth • Reproduction • Maintenance of health and life

3. Vita – vital to life • Amine – first thought to be an amino acid • Two groups • Water soluble • Fat soluble

4. Water Soluble Vitamins • Soluble in water • Not stored in the body (to any degree) • Most are not toxic • Excreted by the kidneys in the urine • Need a constant supply • B Complex Vitamins • Vitamin C

6. The B Vitamins • The B vitamins are very active in the body • Some form parts of coenzymes • assists enzymes in the release of energy. • Some participate in metabolism and cell multiplication.

8. Thiamin(Vit B¹) • Necessary for energy metabolism • Deficiency • Beri-Beri • Enlarged heart and possible cardiac failure • Muscular weakness • Apathy, poor short-term memory, confusion, and irritability • Anorexia and weight loss

9. Thiamin (Vit B¹)

10. Thiamin (Vit B¹) • Wet beriberi presents with edema. • Dry beriberi presents with muscle wasting. Toxicity • None known

11. Thiamin • Food Sources • Whole-grain, fortified or enriched grain products • Pork • Soy milk • Moderate amounts in all foods

12. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) • Necessary for energy metabolism • Deficiency Disease – ariboflavinosis • Inflamed eyelids, • Sensitivity to light, • Reddening of the cornea

13. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) • Deficiency continued: • Cracks and redness at the corners of the mouth (Cheilosis) • Painful, smooth and purplish red tongue • Skin lesions covered with greasy scales Toxicity - None

14. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Deficiency

15. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) • Food sources • Liver • Milk products, including yogurt and cheese • Enriched and whole grains

16. Niacin (B³) • Functions in energy metabolism • Deficiency Disease – Pellagra • Deficiency Symptoms • Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting • Inflamed, swollen, smooth and bright red tongue • Depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, and headache • Rash when exposed to sunlight

17. Characterized by: 4 “D’s ” Diarrhea Dermatitis Dementia Death Caused by: 3 “M’s” Maize Molasses Meat Pellagra

19. Niacin Toxicity • Niacin flush dilates the capillaries and may be painful. • Toxicity Symptoms • Painful flush, hives and rash • Excessive sweating • Blurred vision • Liver damage • Impaired glucose tolerance

20. Niacin (Vitamin B3) • Niacin Food Sources Milk • Eggs, meat, poultry and fish • Whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals • Nuts and all protein-containing foods

21. Niacin (Vitamin B3) • Niacin can be made in the body from Tryptophan (amino acid) • 60 Tryptophan = 1 Niacin

22. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) plenty of important B5 vitamin roles within the body: converting nutrients from food into energy, balancing blood sugar, reducing badcholesterol,  lowering highblood pressure, preventing nerve damage and pain, preventing heart failure.

26. Pyridoxine Vitamin B6 • Necessary for fatty acid and amino acid metabolism • Necessary for the formation of red blood cells • Necessary for the reaction which converts Tryptophan to Niacin

27. Vitamin B6 • Deficiency • Symptoms • Scaly dermatitis • Anemia • Depression, confusion, • Convulsions

28. Vitamin B6 • Vitamin B6 Toxicity • Toxicity Symptoms • Depression, fatigue, irritability, and headaches • Nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to inability to walk • Convulsions • Skin lesions

29. Vitamin B6 • Vitamin B6 Food Sources • Meats, fish, poultry and liver • Legumes and soy products • Non-citrus fruits • Fortified cereals

31. Vitamin B7 Biotin

32. Folate • Also known as Folic Acid • Folate and Neural Tube Defects Neural tube defects include • Spina Bifida and Anencephaly. • There are higher recommendations for pregnant women.

34. Folate • Folate and Heart Disease • High levels of homocysteine and low levels of folate increase risk of heart disease. • Folate breaks down homocysteine. • Folate may help to prevent cancer.

35. Folate • Folate Deficiency • Deficiency Symptoms • Macrocytic anemia, • Smooth, red tongue Folate Toxicity • Masks vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms

36. Folate • Folate Food Sources • “Foliage” • Fortified grains • Leafy green vegetables • Legumes and seeds • Liver

37. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Vitamin B12 is necessary for: • the synthesis of new cells, • maintenance of nerve cells, • helps break down some fatty acids and amino acids.

38. Vitamin B 12 • Deficiency Disease: Pernicious Anemia • Symptoms • Anemia • Fatigue and depression • Degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis

40. Vitamin B 12 • Atrophic gastritis in older adults destroys stomach cells, • which diminishes intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid production. • Vitamin B12binds with intrinsic factor in the small intestine for absorption • No known toxicities

41. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) • Vitamin B12 Food Sources • Only found in animal products • Meat, fish, poultry, and shellfish • Milk, cheese and eggs • Fortified cereals

42. Vitamin C • Also known as Ascorbic Acid • Functions • As an Antioxidant • Defends against free radicals • Protects tissues from oxidative stress • As a Cofactor in Collagen Formation • Collagen is used for bones and teeth, scar tissue, and artery walls. • Works with iron in collagen formation

43. Vitamin C needs increase during body stress, i.e. infections, • burns, • extremely high or low temperatures, • certain medications, • smoking. • As a Cure for the Common Cold • Some relief of symptoms

44. Vitamin C Deficiency • Deficiency disease is called scurvy • Deficiency Symptoms • Anemia – small cell type • Atherosclerotic plaques and pinpoint hemorrhages • Bone fragility and joint pain • Poor wound healing and frequent infections • Bleeding gums and loosened teeth • Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria, and depression • Rough skin and blotchy bruises

46. Vitamin C Toxicity • Toxicity Symptoms • Nausea, abdominal cramps, • diarrhea, headache, • fatigue and insomnia • Hot flashes and rashes • Interference with medical tests, creating a false positive or a false negative

47. Vitamin C Food Sources • Citrus fruits, cantaloupe, strawberries, papayas and mangoes • Cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables like green peppers and broccoli, lettuce, tomatoes and potatoes

48. Список использованных источников http://ru.spiderpic.com/search/vitamins-health http://thenewpillbox.com/over-the-counter/vitamins-1/ http://www.shutterstock.com/ru/s/food+supplement/search-vectors.html http://posterok.com/catalog/berries+fruits+vitamins/0/ http://draxe.com/vitamin-b5/ http://freefitnesstips.co.uk http://www.easy-immune-health.com/vitamin-b-12-deficiency-symptoms.html http://shantalspick.net/2015/08/17/vitamin-c/

49. Thanks for your attention!