II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented

1. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented a. Annelida – segmented worms

2. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented a. Annelida – segmented worms 1. Diversity - polychaetes - oligochaetes - leeches

4. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented a. Annelida – segmented worms 2. Body Plan - coelomate: true body cavity - segmentation – allows for specialization of body parts and refined locomotion; the first step in our process of “duplication, specialization, and fusion” - complete gut allows for specialization: Mouth – pharynx – esophagus - crop – gizzard - intestine

5. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented b. Mollusca – reduced segmentation; shells 1. Diversity - chitons

6. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented b. Mollusca – reduced segmentation; shells 1. Diversity - chitons - snails

7. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented b. Mollusca – reduced segmentation; shells 1. Diversity - chitons - snails - bivalves

8. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented b. Mollusca – reduced segmentation; shells 1. Diversity - chitons - snails - bivalves - cephalopods

9. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented b. Mollusca – reduced segmentation; shells 2. Body Plan

10. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented b. Mollusca – reduced segmentation; shells 2. Body Plan

11. Gastropods from the ur-mollusc: torsion

12. Cephalopods from the ur-mollusc: torsion and elongation

14. Bivalves from the ur-mollusc: folding

15. II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3. Spiralians – wormy or segmented b. Mollusca – reduced segmentation; shells 2. Body Plan - reduction of segmentation (fusion) - decephalization in sessile orgs

16. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans - exoskeleton that must be shed for growth; either a thin flexible CUTICLE, or a more rigid exoskeleton with chitin.

17. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans - Phylogeny

18. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1. Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their cuticle each time

19. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1. Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their cuticle each time - complete digestive tract

20. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1. Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their cuticle each time - complete digestive tract - some cephalization with anterior neural ganglion

21. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1. Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their cuticle each time - complete digestive tract - some cephalization with anterior neural ganglion - free living and parasitic (Ascariasis, hookworm, pinworm, trichinosis, filariasis, elephantiasis)

22. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 2. Onchyphora and Tardigrada: thin chitinous exoskeleton; flexible; unjointed legs

23. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 2. Onchyphora and Tardigrada: thin chitinous exoskeleton; flexible; unjointed legs

24. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla a. Subphylum Trilobita - jointed appendages on every segment - dominated in Paleozoic (600 – 250 mya)

25. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla b. Subphylum Chelicerata 1. Diversity Eurypterids (“Sea Scorpions”)

26. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla b. Subphylum Chelicerata 1. Diversity Eurypertids Horseshoe “Crabs”

27. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla b. Subphylum Chelicerata 1. Diversity Scorpions Arachnids Spiders Mites Ticks

28. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla b. Subphylum Chelicerata 2. Biology - first terrestrial animals – 450 mya (scorpion-like)

29. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla b. Subphylum Chelicerata 2. Biology - first terrestrial animals – 450 mya - two body segments: cephalothorax (fusion) abdomen (fusion of segments in spiders and mites)

30. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla c. Subphylum Myriapoda 1. Diversity Pauropods

31. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla c. Subphylum Myriapoda 1. Diversity Pauropods Centipedes

32. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla c. Subphylum Myriapoda 1. Diversity Pauropods Centipedes Millipedes

33. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla d. Subphylum Crustacea 1. Diversity Remipede

34. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla d. Phylum Crustacea 1. Diversity Decapods (Shrimp, Loster, Crabs)

35. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla d. Phylum Crustacea 1. Diversity Decapods (Shrimp, Loster, Crabs) Copepods Barnacles

36. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla d. Phylum Crustacea 2. Biology - three body regions - appendages modified for different functions; head for senses (antennae) and feeding; thorax for locomotion; abdomen for reproduction.

37. - appendages modified for different functions; head for senses (antennae) and feeding; thorax for locomotion; abdomen for reproduction.

38. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Subphylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola

39. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Subphylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola - Protura

40. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Subphylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola - Protura - Insecta

41. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Subphylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - Fusion of segments into three regions: head, thorax, abdomen

42. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Subphylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - Fusion of segments into three regions: head, thorax, abdomen - Flight in insects

43. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Subphylum Hexapoda 3. Why are there SO MANY insect species?? - flight: high powers of dispersal - small: so they are unlikely to get back to the same place the left. - tough: exoskeleton resists desiccation - fecund: have lots of offspring increase probability of geographical isolation increase probability of establishing a population

44. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 1. Protostomes – blastopore forms mouth a. Lophotrochozoans b. Ecdysozoans 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata b. Hemichordata c. Chordata

46. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars

47. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars - sea cucumbers

48. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars - sea cucumbers - sea urchins

49. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry”

50. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry” - internal skeleton – calcified plates