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Understanding DNA Replication: Essential Facts and Process in Biology

Learn about DNA replication, a crucial process in cell division. Discover how DNA is copied in the S phase of interphase, where it happens in cells, and why it's necessary. Explore the key proteins involved, such as Helicase and DNA Polymerase, and follow the step-by-step process of DNA replication. Witness the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication as old and new strands come together. Dive into the fascinating world of genetics through DNA replication.

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Understanding DNA Replication: Essential Facts and Process in Biology

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  1. DNA Replication Ms. Edmondson

  2. Facts • DNA has to be copied before a cell can divide. • DNA is copied in the S phase synthesis of interphase • New cells will need identical DNA strands

  3. More Facts… • Why? • When cells replicate, each new cell needs it’s own copy of DNA to preserve the hereditary material. • Where? • Nucleus in Eukaryotes. • Cytosol in Prokaryotes • When? • S phase of cell cycle • What? • Many proteins: major is Helicase and DNA Polymerase • How?

  4. Let’s Look…

  5. Steps… • DNA Helicaseunwinds the DNA strand. • Other enzymes hold the strands apart creating a, replication fork open. • DNA Polymerasemoves along the separated strands and adds bases to the exposed strands using the base pairing rule. • The sugar phosphate backbone reforms and two identical strands of DNA are formed.

  6. A closer look… • Bonds between the bases are broken and the strand unwinds.

  7. A closer look… • The DNA strands separate to form a replication fork.

  8. A closer look… • DNA polymerase adds the bases to the to the exposed strands using the base pairing rule.

  9. A closer look... • Two identical strands are formed.

  10. Semi-Conservative • Semi-conservative Replication- This means that each strand is composed of one old strand and one new strand.

  11. Let’s see it in action… • DNA Replication in Action!

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