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Ch. 26 Review

Ch. 26 Review. First, let’s check some answers. DNA coloring pages Lesson 9 The Chemistry of Genes Ch. 26 Review Handout Do Nows 26-3 and 26-4. DNA coloring pages answers. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid is the full name of DNA.

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Ch. 26 Review

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  1. Ch. 26 Review

  2. First, let’s check some answers • DNA coloring pages • Lesson 9 The Chemistry of Genes • Ch. 26 Review Handout • Do Nows 26-3 and 26-4

  3. DNA coloring pages answers Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid is the full name of DNA. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein and trait. Chromosomes are in the nucleus The mitochondria & chloroplasts contain DNA of their own. Watson & Crick are credited with discovering the shape of DNA.

  4. DNA coloring pages (continued) • The shape is a double helix • Dexoyribosesugar and phosphate make up the sides of the DNA strand • The “rungs” of the DNA are bases (nitrogenous bases…ATCG) • The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose and in RNA is ribose.

  5. DNA coloring pages (continued) • A bonds with T and G bonds with C • Adenine and guanine are the two purines in DNA • DNA is made up of nucleotides…RNA is also made of nucleotides • RNA acts as a messenger because it is small enough to leave the nucleus. DNA is too large.

  6. (and the last ones) • Proteins are made in the ribosomes. • Cells become different through differentiation which turns certain genes “on” or “off”. • DNA is called the “Blueprint of Life” because it tells the cell how to build the organism.

  7. Lesson 9 The Chemistry of GenesDiagram

  8. Ch 26 Review Handout (several slides) • Put the following terms in order from simple to most complex. • 1)DNA 2)Gene 3)Chromosome • 4)Nucleus 5)Cell • A. What is the difference between a sex chromosome and an autosome? • A sex chromosome determines the gender and the autosomes are all of the other chromosomes • B. What is the function of a sex chromosome? • Determines the gender

  9. C. What are the two types of sex chromosomes? • X and Y (XX= female, XY= male) • D. How many autosomes are there in a human? 44 • Explain why hemophilia and color blindness are considered to be sex-linked traits. • The genes are located on the X chromosome

  10. Define crossing-over and diagram the process (see fig. 26-6 textbook) • Pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged during meiosis • Name the 2 men credited with the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule and give the specific name that describe the structure of DNA. • Watson & Crick- double helix

  11. Draw a diagram of DNA… • Refer to your notes! • Phosphate • Base • Deoxyribose • True or False. After replication, the new DNA has both a side of the original DNA and a new complimentary strand. This is a nucleotide for DNA

  12. Describe the location and function of transcription. Be sure to include the molecule formed as a result of transcription. • Location- nucleus • Function- to make mRNA from the DNA template (pattern) • Result- makes mRNA • True or False. A codon is made up of 20 nitrogen bases. • 3 bases on mRNA

  13. A polypeptide is more commonly known as what? Protein • How many genes code for a single polypeptide? One • Describe the location and function of translation. Be sure to discuss the results of translation. • Location- ribosome • Function- to make a chain of amino acids according to the DNA’s instructions • Result- polypeptide (protein)

  14. Trueor False. An anticodon is a set of 3 base pairs. (On tRNA) • What environmental factor determines whether or not a Himalayan rabbit has black fur? • Cold Temperatures

  15. Himalayan Rabbit The darker color absorbs heat and keeps the extremities warmer!

  16. List some environmental factors that might cause cancer-causing genes (oncogenes) to be switched on. • Smoking, exposure to toxins, X-rays… • * Remember it is not changing the DNA, it is only activating or turning “on” a gene that is already present

  17. Homework pg 542 #1-13 • Linkage Group • X- chromosome • Homeotic genes • Autosome • Crossing-over • Transcription • tRNA • Oncogenes • Translation • Codon • Anticodon • Deoxyribose • Crossing-over

  18. Do Now Ch. 26-3 • A • D • A • B • D • C • D • D • B • D • B • D • D • D • C • A • B • B • C • A • C • A • B

  19. Do Now Ch 26-4 • C • A • C • A • C • D • A • C • B

  20. Now, let’s do a little different review Here is a strand of DNA…copy it on your own paper. G GG C T T C T TTTT

  21. If 3 bases = an amino acid, how many amino acids are coded for by the strand? • Write the mRNA strand that would result from the given DNA. • Write the tRNA that would result from it. • Use the following table to write the amino acids coded for by the strand

  22. The Answers: Original DNA: G GG C T T C T TTTT • Four amino acids • mRNA: CCC GAA GAA AAA • tRNA: GGG CUU CUU UUU • Amino Acids: A B B C

  23. What should you study? • Your Ch. 26 notes, including the last page with vocab terms • All Do Nows from class • Quiz over Ch. 26-1 & 26-2 • The HW- including the pages you were told to read • The Ch. 26 Review Handout we just went over! There will be 40 multiple choice questions on the test!

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