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The Rise of Russia

The Rise of Russia. 1450-1750. Originally created by Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. Topography of Russia. Rich Soil of the Steppes. Chernozen Soil and Population Triangle. Three Themes in Russian History. The necessity of a strong, central government. Why?

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The Rise of Russia

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  1. The Rise of Russia 1450-1750 Originally created by Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

  2. Topography of Russia

  3. Rich Soil of the Steppes Chernozen Soil and Population Triangle

  4. Three Themes in Russian History • The necessity of a strong, central government. Why? • Struggle to embrace or scorn relations with West. • Expansion by Conquest • Need for warm water ports

  5. First East Slavic State- Kievan Rus in 988 Don, Dneiper, and the Volga Byzantine and Slavic mixture Mongol invasions in the 1230’s Rise of Novgorod and Pskov to inherit cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus History of Russia

  6. Early Russia

  7. Early Byzantine Influences:Orthodox Christianity

  8. Early Byzantine Influences:Orthodox Christianity

  9. Early Byzantine Influences:Cyrillic Alphabet

  10. Volga Bulgaria 7th-13th c. Kievan Rus 9th-12th c. Novgorod Republic 12th -14th c. Mongol Invasion 1220-1240’s Golden Horde 1240’s -1480’s Muscovy 1340-1547 (Tribute State) Khanate of Kazan 1438-1552 Tsardom of russia 1547-1721 Russian Empire 1721-1917 History of Russia timeline

  11. Novgorod

  12. Novgorod or “New City” • City-State • Control from Estonia to Ural Mts. • Shared power with boyars • Not sacked by Mongols by tribute levied • Remained vital until Ivan III and became part of Muscovy • Sacked by Ivan IV and thousands killed • Famine decimated city later

  13. Russian Boyars

  14. Russian Expansion

  15. The Mongols Invade Russia

  16. Rise of Muscovy 1340-1547

  17. Daniil Aleksandrovich, youngest son of Alexander Nevsky founded principality of Moscow by “expelling” the Tatars (Mongol) from Moscow Collected tribute from Russian principalities By mid 14th C, power of Mongols was declining and Grand princes began to oppose Mongol yoke Grand Duchy

  18. Ivan IIIr. 1440-1505 Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus” Sometimes referred to as the "gatherer of the Russian lands” tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. He was one of the longest-reigning Russian rulers in history

  19. In the 15th C, grand princes of Moscow continued to increase land,population, and wealth Laid foundations of Russian national state Fall of Constantinople and emergence of New Rome and seat of Orthodox Christianity Proclaimed his absolute sovereignty over all Russian princes and nobles Refused further tribute to Tatars Ivan III, the Great (1462-1505)

  20. Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

  21. Divided into khanates and hordes Manor system and creation of expanding military control Ivan III forced lesser princes to accept him and his successors as unquestioned rulers over military, judicial, and foreign affairs Gradually, Russian ruler emerged as a powerful, autocratic ruler, a tsar or Ceasar Ivan III, The Great

  22. Cathedral of the Assumption • Rise of Orthodoxy and cathedral to Virgin Mary • Pays off Tatars • Third Rome • Western built technology • Independent Russia • Many churches in Eastern Europe built

  23. The Rise of Russia

  24. Ivan IV r.1533-1584* • Ivan IV Vasilyevich-the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 • His long reign saw the conquest of Tartary and Siberia and the subsequent transformation of Russia into a multiethnic state.

  25. Tsardom of Russia • First Russian ruler to officially crown himself “Tsar” was Ivan IV (The Terrible) • 1547-1584-Tzar not Prince • Subordination of nobles, exiling many, and executing many • Enduring legacies both positive and negative

  26. Cathedral of the Intersession • St. Basil’s Cathedral • Mark victory over the Khazan Khanate • 8 days of battle • Onion domes • Expansion of Russian power

  27. Russia in the Late 1500s Ivan “The Terrible”(r. 1533-1584)

  28. Ivan IV r. 1533-1584 • complex personality; described as intelligent and devout, yet given to rages and prone to episodic outbreaks of mental illness. • One notable outburst may have resulted in the death of his groomed and chosen heir Ivan Ivanovich, which led to the passing of the Tsardom to the younger son: the weak and possibly intellectually disabled Feodor • Although his name is usually written in English as Ivan the Terrible, its original meaning is closer to "Redoubtable" or "Severe" and carries connotations of might, power and strictness rather than horror or cruelty

  29. Russian Inquisition left thousands dead Rampant famine, grass, cannibalism? Ivan IV murdered his son and daughter-in-law who was carrying his grandson No true successor to crown Internal chaos attracts Polish-Lithuanian intervention and installment of “tsars” Between 1598-1610, Six different “tsars” Vast lands acquired under Ivan III lost Who will unit the Lands of the Rus? The “Time of Troubles”

  30. The Rise of the Romanovs 1613-1917

  31. New Dynasty must restore peace and reclaim lost lands from Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth and Sweden Boyars fearing civil war and loss of lands cooperated with the first Romanovs Enserfment of peasants Great burden of taxation placed on peasants All segments of population were subject to military and special taxes The Romanovs

  32. Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645) • The Romanov Dynasty is established in 1613 • The only Russian royal family  lasted for 304 years!

  33. Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917) Look Familar? Romanov Family Crest

  34. Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917)

  35. Many peasant uprisings and riots most notably the Cossacks Peasants becomes serfs aka slaves to the nobles for life Harsh centralization of state Tsar’s army crushed many of the uprisings and “examples” were made of those who rebelled against the state The Romanovs

  36. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-WestFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,Technologies, etc. Anti-WestIsolationistXenophobicUltra-Conservative • A few Tsars • Intellectual elites • Merchants/businessmen • Young members of the middle class. • Most Tsars • Russian Orthodox Church • Military • Boyars • peasants REFORM-MINDEDLEADER DEMAGOGUE

  37. Alexis r. 1645-1676 • son of Tsar Michael • committed to the care of the boyar Boris Morozov • accessible to Western ideas • Salt riots of 1648

  38. Alexis r. 1645-1676 • Pacificatory Practices • Secured a truce with Poland and carefully avoided Ottoman Empire • Domestic policy was fair and aimed at relieving the public burdens by limiting the privileges of foreign traders • Abolished a great many “useless and expensive” court offices

  39. Feodor III r. 1676-1682 • eldest surviving son of Tsar Alexis succeeded his father on the throne • Fine intellect and a noble disposition • Received an excellent education, knew Polish, and even Latin • Horribly disfigured and half paralyzed by a mysterious disease, supposed to be scurvy • He spent most of the time with young nobles, Yazykov and Likhachov, who would later introduce the Russian court to Polish ceremonies, dress, and language

  40. Feodor III • Fyodor married a second time Marfa Matveievna Apraksina but Feodor died three months after his new wedding, • News of his death sparked the Moscow Uprising of 1682

  41. Moscow Uprising of 1682 • Sophia Alekseyevna made herself regent during the minority of her brothers, Peter the Great and Ivan V • Attempting to become a Tsarevna • Behind the uprising was the rivalry between the relatives of the two wives of the late Tsar Alexis I of Russia for the dominant influence on the politics of Muscovy • Ivan V and Peter I were half-brothers Streltsy Mutiny Young Peter watching Uncle dragged away

  42. Imperial Russia Peter I to Nicholas II 1682-1917

  43. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) Co-tsar with Ivan V from 1682-1696 Power wielded By Ivan V’s Elder Sister Sophia Alekseyevna Became sole ruler Upon Ivan V’s death At age 29

  44. Consolidated autocracy in Russia and brought country into European state system Largest state in the world from Baltic to Pacific Ocean Window to the sea and the Great Northern War New Capital, St. Petersburg, a window opened to Europe to replace the cultural center of Moscow Peter I, the Great

  45. Russia Under Peter I

  46. Peter Cuts the Beards of His Boyars

  47. Execution of the Streltsy- Rebellion of Western Reforms

  48. Azov Wars against Turks • Two Russian military campaigns during the Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700, led by Peter the Great and aimed at capturing the Turkish fortress of Azov (garrison - 7,000 men), which had been blocking Russia's access to the Azov Sea and the Black Sea. • Since the Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 had failed because of the difficulty of moving a large army across the steppe, Peter decided to try a river approach • Birth of Russian Navy • First of Many Russo-Turkish Wars

  49. Battle of Poltava (1709) Victory over Swedish Forces Great Northern War Beginning of Swedish Decline Dneiper River In modern-day Ukraine

  50. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War

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