Trail of Tears and Ch 21 the Culture Clash in the Southwest

1. Trail of Tears and Ch 21 the Culture Clash in the Southwest

2. Cherokee Nation • Cherokee had their own government • Sequoyah created a writing system and an alphabet for the Cherokees • Schools were created to learn Sequoyahs alphabet • Cherokee and other Native Americans wanted to live in peace with white neighbors

3. Cont Cherokee and Trail of Tears • Cherokee land was very good for growing cotton and GOLD was discovered • This made white settlers want land even more and go against the Cherokee • Jackson (president) supported the settlers and put in place the Indian Removal Act • This act said all Native Americans had to move west of the Mississippi. Called Indian Territory

4. Cont of cherokee • Cherokee went to Supreme Court, won, but Jackson went against their decision and make them move

5. Trail of Tears • Native Americans were taken out by soldiers and put in prison camps. • Leaders tried to guide men to Indian Territory • Thousands died along the way from frostbite and hunger.

6. Ch 21 Cultures Class in the Southwest • Settlers landed in Texas in 1821 led by Stephen Austin • Austin had been granted land, Mexicans wanted new settlers so everyone was happy

7. Texas becomes and Independent Republic • Tejanos –spanish speaking residents • The tejanos welcomed the new settlers • If the settlers stayed in Texas they had to become Mexican citizens, become Roman Catholic and obey Mexican law • Settlers came by the hundreds and soon outnumbered the tejanos • Settlers changed and would no longer follow Mexican rules. • The settlers felt superior to the tejanos • Mexican government tried to slow immigration of the US settlers • The Mexican government outlawed immigration but settlers still came to Texas

8. Texas Rebellion • General Antonio Lopez de Santa became dictator of Mexico • He threw out the Mexican constitution and cause settlers and some tejanos to rebel • Mexicans fought rebels at the Alamo • After 41 days Mexicans surrendered • Santa Anna’soldiers retaliatied and took back the Alamo and several Texans were put to death

9. Republic of Texas • Rebels declared independence of Mexico • Created Republic of Texas • Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty and recognize their independence

10. US AND MEXICO GO TO WAR • Treaty did not bring peace, more fighting over boundaries

11. Annexing Texas • Most settlers wanted to be part of the US and the US wanted to annex or add Texas • Mexico said they couldn’t be part of US and would declare war so for 9 years Texas stayed independent. • US also wanted California and New Mexico to extend their borders to the Pacific • Polk was president and supported expansion and Congress annexed Texas. • Mexico was mad but didn’t declare war

12. The road to war • Polk offered Mexico 30 Million for California and New Mexico • Mexico refused

13. War breaks out • Polk sent troops to Rio Grande, knew it would start war • Mexico fought back and war was declared • Us attacked from 3 sides: Rio Grande, California and coast of Mexico at Vera Cruz • US defeated all three areas and marched to Capital of Mexico City • Chapultepec Castle (military Academy) was taken under attack, all cadets fought but all were killed and US took it over.

14. Peace Treaty • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed between US and Mexico • Gave US almost half of Mexicos land, now called Mexican Cession • US had to promise to treat Mexicans who already lived in that land fairly • US said they would and the Mexicans in that land would have all US rights. This was not always kept.