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Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears. Emily Newcomb. The Torture Begins. The “Indian Problem” started with the discovery of the New World. Columbus and his men felt as if they were superior to the Indians. He began torturing them, murdering them, and taking their land. The Five Civilized Tribes.

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Trail of Tears

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  1. Trail of Tears Emily Newcomb

  2. The Torture Begins • The “Indian Problem” started with the discovery of the New World. • Columbus and his men felt as if they were superior to the Indians. • He began torturing them, murdering them, and taking their land.

  3. The Five Civilized Tribes • Early officials, such as George Washington, believed that the Indians needed to be civilized. • They wanted to make the Indians as much like Americans as possible. • The Five Civilized Tribes included: the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek, and Cherokee.

  4. Five Civilized Tribes

  5. 1802 • Georgia finally ceded its land to the governmentand expected all land titles held by the Indians to be given to the government. • However, the Cherokee stayed on the land that was granted to them. • This caused even more resentment from the residents of Georgia towards the Indians.

  6. 1828 and 1829 • “In 1828 Georgia passed a law pronouncing all laws of the Cherokee Nation to be null and void after June 1, 1830, forcing the issue of states' rights with the federal government.” • In 1829, a large amount of gold was discovered on Georgia on Cherokee lands. • This just added to the list of reasons to get rid of the Indians.

  7. Andrew Jackson Takes Office • Andrew Jackson had always been a strong advocate of “Indian removal.” • The Native Americans were not part of Jackson vision of America. • His campaigns against the Creeks and Seminoles led to hundreds of thousands of acres of land being taken from the Indians

  8. Indian Removal Act • Passed by Congress in 1830 • This act gave President Jackson permission to grant the Indians unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for the lands that they were currently living in.

  9. Court Cases • “In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for the majority, held that the Cherokee Nation was a "domestic dependent nation," and therefore Georgia state law applied to them.” • “In Worcester v. Georgia (1832) the court found that Indian nations are capable of making treaties, that under the Constitution treaties are the supreme law of the land, that the federal government had exclusive jurisdiction within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation, and that state law had no force within the Cherokee boundaries.”

  10. Chief Justice John Marshall Samuel Worcester

  11. Treaty of New Echota • The Cherokee gave up all of their land east of the Mississippi in exchange for $5 million, compensation for all lost property, and relocation assistance. • Chief John Ross protested this agreement. • “Nearly 16,000 Cherokees signed Ross’s petition, but Congress approved the treaty anyway.” • Therefore, the Indians were forced to move west

  12. President Van Buren • In 1838, he sent 7,000 soldiers to force the Cherokee out of Georgia. • They marched the Indians 1,200 miles into Indian Territory. • More than five thousand Indians died along the way from illnesses such as: cholera, whooping cough, starvation, typhus, and dysentery.

  13. By the 1840s, thousands and thousands of Indians had been pushed out of the southeastern states of the United States. • The federal government promised them that land. However, they just kept pushing the Indian further and further west. They called the horrible journey the Trail of Tears • Eventually, in 1907, Oklahoma became a state leaving the Indians nowhere to live.

  14. Works Cited • Five Civilized Tribes. Digital image. Five Civilized Tribes. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. • Ableton Forum • Information. Digital image. Ableton Forum • Information. N.p., 2007. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. • Mobley, Mark. Sing Out, Mr President: Andrew Jackson's One-Man Majority. Digital image. NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. • Jackson, Ed. Samuel Worcester. Digital image. Samuel Worcester. N.p., 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. • "John Marshall." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Nov. 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. • John Ross. Digital image. John Ross. N.p., 1994-2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. • http://www.prairierootsresearch.com/martin-van-buren/ • "Route of the Trail of Tears." Route of the Trail of Tears. Learn NC, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. • Elzey, Robert. Trail of Tears Historical Marker. Digital image. Trail of Tears Historical Marker. Digital Library of Georgia, 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.

  15. Works Cited Cont… • DeWitt, Whitney. Christopher Columbus: Hero or Murderer?n.d. http://campuspages.cvcc.vccs.edu/polis/2003/nonfiction/whitney%20dewitt.amlit.htm (accessed November 22, 2013). • The Story.n.d. http://www.nationaltota.org/the-story/ (accessed November 22, 2013). • The Trail of Tears-The Indian Removals. 2008-2013. http://www.ushistory.org/us/24f.asp (accessed November 22, 2013). • Trail of Tears. 1996-2013. http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears (accessed November 22, 2013).

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