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Physical Development of Toddlers: Body Growth & Motor Skills

Learn about toddlers' body growth and development, from height and weight to bones, teeth, fat, and muscle tissue changes. Explore motor development milestones, such as walking, running, jumping, climbing, throwing, and catching at different stages. Discover how fine-motor skills progress with age, including hand deference. Engage in activities and create a brochure showcasing toddlers' motor skills learning journey.

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Physical Development of Toddlers: Body Growth & Motor Skills

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  1. PhysicalDevelopment of The Toddler Chapter 11 Page 290

  2. Body Growth & Development • Babies continue to grow quickly but not as quick as the first year • Height & Weight • Toddler grow at different rates • Due to environment & heredity

  3. Environment Diet Exercise Health Even emotions Heredity Genes determine height Weight

  4. Years One and Two • Growth slows after first year • Most girls reach 53% of their adult height by age 2 • Boys usually reach 50% of their adult height by 2 • Often true that a tall 2 year old will be a tall adult and vice versa

  5. Age 2 • Slow and steady growth rate • Gain 2 – 3 inches and 6 pounds per year • Girls continue until about 11 • Boys until 13

  6. Other Body Changes • 24 months, head is ¼ of total height • Adult’s head is 1/10th. • See charts on page 292 Figure 11-2

  7. Bones & Teeth • Bones continue to become harder • Degree of ossification not the same throughout the body • Due to cartilage, bones are more flexible and less likely to break than an adult’s • Fontanels (gap between skull bones, soft spots) are closed or almost closed • Full set of deciduous teeth • See page 294 Figure 11-5

  8. Fat & Muscle Tissue • Fat deposits under skin decreases rapidly between 9 and 30 months • Chubby baby becomes more slender • Muscle development (the lengthening and thickening of muscles is slow during the toddler stage)

  9. Motor Development • Large muscle development (refers to the development of trunk, arm and leg • Crawling, walking, jumping, running • (gross motor skills)

  10. Walking • Around 1st birthday may start walking unassisted • Often girls walk before boys • Pushing a baby to walk may not help and may hinder

  11. Beginning Walkers • Stand with feet wide apart • Turn their feet outward and flex knees • Walk on tiptoes • Irregular steps, lurches, and weaves • Tilted spine lead them to lean forward

  12. Walking at Two Years • May look like a run but it isn’t • Rarely go around obstacles but over them • Distraction leads to toddler falls

  13. Running • True running begins at 2 years of age • Not skillful runners • Tends to be awkward • Can’t stop or start quickly

  14. Jumping • Moves arms backwards instead of using them to help the jump

  15. Climbing • As soon as they crawl or creep • Between 15 to 18 months • Hold to railing or hands • Don’t change feet until after 2nd birthday

  16. Throwing & Catching • Begin throwing by accident • Forget to hold on to object • Enjoy seeing object move through air • Then start to throw on purpose • Begins at age 1 • Throw from sitting position first and then from standing position

  17. Small-Muscle Development • Hands, fingers (fine motor skills) • Eye-hand coordination—what they see with the way they move their hands • With time and experience, clumsy becomes more adept

  18. By end of first year, babies can hold objects between thumb and index finger • 12 – 18 months holds spoon • Feed themselves and drink for themselves

  19. 12 – 18 Months • Toddlers can: • Remove hat and socks • Insert large objects into holes • Turn pages of a book several at a time • Begin to fit objects together • Build a tower of 2 to 3 soft blocks

  20. 2 years • Hit pegs with a hammer • Hold crayons and pencils • Cannot hold or write with a crayon or pencil like an adult • By this age shows definite hand deference (left vs right)

  21. Summary • Grow more slowly in second year than in first • Toddler’s bones continue to harden • Fat deposits under skin decrease • Brain matures at a faster rate than other body organs • Full set of baby teeth present shortly after 2 years

  22. Toddlers refine gross-motor skills (walking, climbing, and throwing) • New skills emerge (running, jumping off objects, catching) • Fine-motor skills depend on child’s level of eye-hand coordination • Show definite hand deference by 2nd year

  23. Activity • Page 302 • Do the questions 1 – 10 • Put your name on the paper and turn them in

  24. Brochure • Develop a brochure explaining toddlers’ motor skills • Include information on the order of learning • Explain actions used in walking, running, and jumping

  25. Find Equipment • Visit websites and find toys and equipment which will provide activities a toddler could manipulate and enjoy safely • Print out product information and photos to share with the class

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